Indias Reproductive And Child Health Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Regardless of expansion out in the open and private medicinal services area outgo, the utilization of human services administrations in India has stayed hapless. Issues identified with Maternal and kid health are of concern.1 For the wellbeing and prosperity of a child, each piece great as family unit and social prosperity, pre-birth and baby blues consideration of female parent is fundamental. We will compose a custom exposition test on Indias Reproductive And Child Health And Social Care Essay or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now India ‘s Reproductive and Child Health programme2- Sing high maternal and youngster expires, specialists of India has ever focused on turn toing these issues through solid wellbeing plans. India was the principal state to set up the national family unit arranging program. It was in this way coordinated into family open help program. The International Conference on Population Development ( ICPD ) , 1994 and the Fourth World Conference on Women, 1995 held at Beijing, China underlined on sexual orientation value and supportable turn of events. These meetings proposed the generative health intends to take care of sexual orientation issues behind the wellbeing employments, grown-up females ‘s health requests for the duration of their life expectancy and work powers ‘s obligation to regard grown-up females ‘s generative rights. ICPD helped India to elucidate a coordinated program which could go past the family unit arranging and accentuation on sexual orientation value. The generative and youngster wellbeing program in India was so begun in 1997. The second phase of this program came in real life alongside National Rural Health Mission in 2005, which underlined on the improvement of handiness and course of the medicinal services administrations by the individuals especially grown-up females, kids and more vulnerable constituents of the general public. The RCH program covers the generative requests of grown-up females and work powers at all periods of life. The generative and youngster wellbeing project of India depends on the essential constituents, for example, Child health ( kid perseverance and child improvement ) and safe maternity ( including safe course of undesirable incubation and fetus removal ) , Adolescent health ( sex advancement, youthfulness guidance and professional constituent ) , solid family arranging ( Ensuring Informed pick, Counseling, sex equity and more prominent male commitment ) , Prevention, detecting and bearing of Reproductive Tract Infections, Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS and dangerous neoplastic malady of the generative framework, Reproductive health consideration of matured individuals. The boss point of convergence of the RCH program is to chop down Maternal and Infant mortality and Entire Fertility Rate. The program is worked everywhere throughout the state through essential, auxiliary and third masses social insurance framework. Decentralized assault is the cardinal constituent of this program. 1.1.2 Use of RCH administrations Utilization of social insurance administrations can be surveyed by understanding ‘s each piece great as wellbeing proficient ‘s position. The patient ‘s position can be emotional dependent on the administrations detailed by the patient or the nature of administrations felt by the patient, or target dependent on the administrations offered by the human services establishment to the patient. The wellbeing expert may see towards the utilization of administrations by financial aspect, for example, the figure of patients, figure of visits etc.3 The utilization of RCH administrations can be surveyed by the utilization of every one of its constituents. Maternal Mortality and dreariness, Infant mortality and child mortality, and whole birthrate rate are the essential indexs of handiness, use and effectivity of MCH administrations. Status of these indexs mirrors the situation of social insurance administrations in the country.5 Grouped components are liable for the utilization of RCH administrations, for representation, degrees of guidance, financial position, natural factors, for example, course to the wellbeing Center, medicinal services foundation and so on. Investigation of utilization of these administrations, thus requires thought of every one of these determiners of the human services utilization.4 1.2 Global situation The Millennium Development Goals ( MDGs ) set up by WHO for MMR is 109, for IMR is 28 and for Under-5 death rate is 42 by the terminal of twelvemonth 2015. High distinction in these indexs in created and creating states shows the distinction in handiness and utilization of RCH administrations in created and creating countries.6 1.2.1 MCH in created nations In created states, for example, cardinal and western Europe, Australia and so on, the utilization of precaution administrations is truly elevated among females than guys. The surveies done in mid 1970ss have helped the created states to better the health administration use. The of import factors indentified were mean expense per visit, health protection inclusion, age, guidance and so on. This brought about lower maternal death rates, for example 5 in Sweden ; 3 in Denmark, Norway and Israel ( Population Action International, 1995 ) . In United States it is discovered that dark grown-up females make well less use of health administrations than white inverse numbers, due to socio-social elements. The expansion in transitory populace and their specific builds lead to non-usage of administrations in Sweden.7,8 The World Health Organization has recognized Cuba as a delineation of â€Å" great wellbeing requiring little to no effort † accomplished through strategies that address the determiners of health and depend on just dish, catholicity and administrative control. They have concentrated on three significant activities 1 ) essential consideration through polyclinics, 2 ) far reaching assault at the network degree and 3 ) input from community.9 1.2.2. MCH in creating nations In ongoing mature ages, creating states are impacted by discoveries in created states, for estimating the nature of their health consideration. Results have gotten specific complement as a stage of value. Estimating results is utile as a list of the effectivity of various interventions and as part of a checking framework coordinated to bettering nature of consideration each piece great as watching its debilitation. In Indonesia use of an incompetent birth attender and conceiving an offspring at place are generally regular among the most unfortunate and least instructed grown-up females. The children of these grown-up females have the most elevated peril of baby mortality. The newborn child death rate varies incredibly by some portion of dish to health administrations. In Ethiopia, socio segment highlights of grown-up females, social setting, handiness, purchaser fulfillment affected health administration use. 1.3 Local situation The national country health crucial set up specific finishes to better the wellbeing administration use by individuals shacking in provincial nations, grown-up females, kids and the hapless in India. The imprint for MMR is 100, IMR 30 and TFR 2.1 by the terminal of 2012.10 The present Maternal Mortality Rate of India is 212. Newborn child death rate has declined to 49, while Under-5 death rate is as yet 64. Whole birthrate pace of the state is 2.6, which is higher in rustic nation for example 2.9 when contrasted with urban nation which is 2.0.11 Fitting to NFHS-3 data, simply 44 percent grown-up females utilize the pre-birth consideration in the principal trimester of incubation, and only 52 percent grown-up females give 3-4 visits to health Center foe ANC administrations during the whole development time frame. Simply 47 percent births are gone to by wellbeing powers including doctor, ANM, medical attendant, accoucheuse or woman health visitant. Only 37 percent grown-up females get post-natal consideration inside two yearss of bringing which should be a basic period. Utilization of these administrations is diverse in provincial and urban nation. In spite of the fact that inclusion of ICDS is high in the state, simply 28percent children get the administrations gave through ICDS. Just 44 for each centum kids are to the full immunized while 5 for each centum kids are non given any immunization. Level of children which are taken to social insurance Center for the Acute Respiratory Infections ( ARI ) , fever and looseness of the bowels scopes from 60-69 in various territories of the state. Most shared belief for non using open wellbeing establishments is hapless nature of administration, trailed by non-accessibility of the social insurance establishment nearby.12 The utilization of RCH administrations varies in various areas of India. Nature and degree of the connection between maternal guidance and utilization of MCH administrations vary between the North and South of India and that this distinction is for the most part dictated by the north-south inferred capacities in the general financial and social condition in which grown-up females live. 1.4 Rationale of the investigation The Maternal, child and under-5 children death rates have demonstrated significant reduction from the earliest starting point of second phase of RCH program, which mirror the positive change in handiness and utilization of RCH administrations. In any case, when contrasted with the MDG closes each piece great as NRHM closes for these indexs, there is farther interest to chip away at the improvement of utilization of these administrations. Kolhapur is the southernmost domain in Maharashtra territory. It is partitioned in 12 talukas and five sub-divisions for regulatory expectations. The whole populace of the region is 35,23,165 out of which around 24,72,809 populace dwells in country area.13 The association of RCH program in Kolhapur domain comprises of a District Hospital, two sub-locale clinics, 18 rustic clinics ( RH ) , 73 Primary wellbeing Centers ( PHCs ) and 413 sub-centres.14 Radhanagari sub-division of Kolhapur domain covers 4 provincial hospitals, 13 PHCs and 52 sub-focuses. The utilization of RCH administrations in the wellbeing Centers situated in Radhanagari sub-division is low, while there is overburden on the domain hospital for these administrations. Subsequently, on suggestions of Sub-divisional Office, Radhanagari and sing all the variables affecting the utilization of RCH administrations, the overview is wanted to examine the utilization type of RCH administrations, justification for non-use of these administrations at various degrees for example

Discussion Board Reply Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Conversation Board Reply - Coursework Example It is obvious from the examination that representatives not just search for associations that care for their flow government assistance yet additionally those that are worried about the workers much after they leave the association upon retirement. In that capacity, building up firm medical coverage and retirement plans would draw in progressively serious and submitted workers to the association (Sharar, 2009). The investigation has helped me in understanding the different optional advantages that I can enter inside the organization’s remuneration design and converge with the compensation strategies towards guaranteeing that workers are held inside the association as well as persuaded towards accomplishing high efficiency. For example, the worker help programs (EAP) would be compelling in helping the representatives comprehend any close to home issues that they may have away from the working environment, which may adversely influence their presentation (Martocchio, 2015). This would guarantee that their concentration and consideration is completely coordinated towards their work. The examination has helped me comprehend through making a family setting inside the association, where the representative issues including family, wellbeing, and training are successfully fathomed, the workers take up the responsibility for association and therefore guarantee most extreme duty towards accomp lishing both present moment and long haul objectives of the association. Courtois, P., Hajek, M., Kennish, R., Paul, R., Seward, K., Stockert, T. J., and Thompson, C. (2004). Execution Measures in the Employee Assistance Program. ,. Representative Assistance Quarterly, 19(3),

Helen Stoner :: English Literature Helen Stoner Essays

Helen Stoner Helen Stoner is in a split second generalized by perusers as a reasonable and simple woman of high society England. Conan Doyle pulls the strings of the Victorian guys wants and makes a 'maiden in trouble', who goes to a man for help that she doesn't have the assets to close herself. He depicts her as a lady who is wronged and in incredible peril in this manner adding to the anticipation of the story. Breaking down the grouping of garments that she is wearing the peruser can reason that she is of adequate 'reproducing' and circumspect. 'A lady wearing dark, and intensely hidden' discloses to us that she is not used to going around the conurbation lone. She is wearing dark as not to stand out. It was unprecedented for ladies of a high-class family to go around the city alone, she may think this disgraceful, which is intriguing thinking about that it differences to present day westernized civilisation where it could be deciphered as free. Habits were of vital significance in Victorian culture, and Helen Stoner is spoken to as a lady who is fit for having the option to show the right 'society habits'. Victorians were punctilious about how a lady was permitted to welcome any guys in her quality. The certainty that she is 'vigorously hidden' determines that she doesn't want Dr Watson or Mr Holmes to guide any focus toward her looks yet rather to her story. This recommends to the peruser that no ill-advised lead was to be engaged. Helen Stoner additionally obviously has an efficient brain. She has common insight yet is denied to show any genuine reasoning that may question a keeps an eye on sees. This is the reason she visits Mr Holmes. She has no control over her stepfather, her perspectives, as a lady would be thought absolutely silly by different guys, so she looks for proficient (male) help as Sherlock Holmes. It is intelligible to me that she has been pushed past her psychological restrictions as a person quite a while in the past, 'She raised her cloak as she talked, and we could obviously observe that she was without a doubt in a pitiable condition of tumult, her face all drawn and dim, with anxious, startled eyes, similar to those of a few pursued creature. Her highlights and figure was those of a lady of thirty, in any case, her hair was shot with untimely dim, and her appearance was exhausted and rough' yet she has endured what she has been diminished to just in light of the fact that it was viewed as ill-advised for a lady to address what a man was doing or for a lady to cause to notice her home life.

Chinese Buddhism essays

Chinese Buddhism articles There is proof of Buddhists in China as ahead of schedule as the third century, however Buddhism was not well known in China for quite a long time. Buddhism was most likely presented after the Han ruler Ming Ti had a fantasy of a flying brilliant god that was deciphered as a dream of the Buddha. After this fantasy, the ruler sent emissaries to India who came back to China with the Sutra in Forty-two Sections. It is kept in a sanctuary outside the capital of Lo-yang. Buddhism was brought to China from the exchange courses of Southeast Asia, and developed gradually. Buddhism initially got famous in China during the Han tradition, and was brimming with enchanted practices, similar to the well known Chinese Taoism. The main Chinese Buddhists instructed that the spirit was indestructible. Nirvana was the conviction of interminability and harmony. They additionally showed karma, which showed the individuals to be merciful. There was consistently an association among Taoism and Buddhism until the finish of the Han line. Everyone accepted that Lao-tzu, had been renewed in India as the Buddha. Numerous Chinese rulers revered Lao-tzu and the Buddha on the equivalent modify. The primary interpretations of Buddhist sutras into Chinese utilized a Taoist jargon so the Chinese could comprehend it better. One of the most significant reasons why Buddhism developed in China during this period was a direct result of interpretation. The most significant interpreter was a savvy priest named Kumarajiva who had contemplated the Hindu Vedas, the mysterious sciences, stargazing, and the Hinayana and Mahayana sutras. During the fifth and sixth hundreds of years Buddhist schools were begun in China and India. Buddhism was getting incredible in China, there had been an enormous increment in the priest populace, and Buddhism was getting famous with the average folks. At the point when the Sui administration was begun in China, Buddhism turned into the official religion. The brilliant time of Buddhism in China happened during the T'ang tradition. Despite the fact that the T'ang rulers were generally Taoists, they f ... <!

Moral Dilemmas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Moral Dilemmas - Essay Example In expressing about this issue, Russ Shafer-Landau contends that different good standards will in general be successfully autonomously to how an individual sees them. Kant’s moral hypothesis is marginally extraordinary particularly how individuals see it. In characterizing moral quandaries, the Kant moral hypothesis is viewed as deontological whereby a person’s activities are ethically upstanding as far as ideals of individual’s thought processes. For this situation, they should get from a specific obligation than tendency (Timmons 27). The assurance to act as indicated by his/her obligation for the most part beats the personal responsibility proof or the craving to do something else. In addition, Kant contends the part of virtues of an individual’s activities with the way that they just dwell in adage or formal guideline. On the other hand, it clarifies about the general responsibility of an individual to take part in a specific demonstration since it is his/her obligation to do as such (Timmons 35). This accordingly implies, obligation remains the need for an individual to carry on of retaliation for the law. Thorough utilization of comparative techniques towards this thinking would bring about an equivalent achievement while managing moral way of thinking issues. This hence implies the inevitable rule of ethical quality should consistently be an ethical law that happens uniquely and has the capacity of managing a person towards a correct activity. In as much as the Kant’s hypothesis appears to be powerful and applies to genuine occasions, this hypothesis of morals is imperfect and ineffectualness when utilized scholarly (Timmons 32). For the most part, the hypothesis neglects to mention to individuals what they ought to do particularly when their ethical duties are clashing. Kant’s hypothesis of morals is totally broad particularly on a portion of the normal occurring regarding moral morals and problems. Be that as it may, the hypothesis isn't point by point and powerful enough to manage individuals on the best way to

The Health Effects of Heroin

The Health Effects of Heroin Addiction Drug Use Heroin Print The Health Effects of Heroin Short-Term and Long-Term Effects By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 10, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 20, 2019 Doug Menuez Collection / Photodisc / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery As with most illegal drugs, heroin use has both short-term and long-term effects. Whether injected, snorted or smoked, heroin will begin to affect the bodys central nervous system almost immediately after it is used. Short-Term Effects Shortly after using, a feeling of euphoria will come over users, in which they have a warm flushing of the skin, a dry mouth and the feeling of having heavy arms and legs.?? After the initial rush, users will go into an alternately wakeful and drowsy state sometimes called on the nod. Because heroin suppresses the central nervous system, the user experiences cloudy mental function. Users will begin to breathe at a slower rate and their breathing can reach a point of respiratory failure. Long-Term Effects Repeated and chronic heroin users who fail to use sterile technique or share equipment will begin to experience the long-term effects of such practices: Infection of the heart lining and valves??, normally due to lack of sterile technique.Liver disease: approximately 70-80% of new hepatitis C infections in the U.S. each year are the result of injection drug use, and even sharing snorting straws has been linked to hepatitis transmissionKidney disease.??Pulmonary complications, which are often infection relatedSkin infections and abscesses, especially among chronic injectors who suffer scarred or collapsed veins In addition to the risk of contracting the hepatitis virus, heroin users also have an increased risk of catching human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other blood-borne viruses.?? Other Long-Term Health Effects Other long-term health effects of heroin use can include: Collapsed veinsConstipation and stomach cramps??Pneumonia Overdose Warning The most serious health effect of heroin use is the possibility of death due to accidental overdose.?? Because heroin is an illegal drug and can be handled and cut (mixed with other ingredients) by various suppliers before it reaches street-level users, those who use the drug never know how potent or pure the heroin they are using is until they use it. Heroin is often mixed with sugar, starch, quinine, and sometimes, strychnine or other poisons, adding other potential dangers.?? Because of the unknown strength and actual contents of the heroin they are taking, users are at great risk of overdose and death. Addiction Another dangerous effect of heroin use is the highly addictive nature of the drug.?? All heroin users, even those who only snort or smoke the drug, can become addicted with repeated use. Over time, heroin users develop a tolerance for the drug requiring them to use increasingly larger amounts to achieve the same feeling they experienced when they first began to use.?? After a while, the tolerance level to the drug rises to the level that heroin use in any amount stops producing the euphoric effect the user once experienced altogether. When this occurs, the addict continues to seek and take the drug just to feel normal. They become physically dependent upon the drug. Withdrawal When people addicted to heroin try to stop using they can experience extreme withdrawal symptoms. The symptoms can include: Extreme craving for the drug??RestlessnessMuscle and bone pain??Vomiting The most severe heroin withdrawal symptoms peak between 48 and 72 hours after stopping use and can last up to a week. Heroin and Pregnancy Heroin use during pregnancy carries the risk of spontaneous miscarriage.?? The use of the drug by pregnant womenâ€"along with related factors such as poor nutrition and inadequate prenatal careâ€"has been associated with low birth weight. Low birth weight has been linked to later delays in development for the infant. Babies of mothers who regularly use heroin during their pregnancies can be born physically dependent on heroin themselves and can experience neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)??, a drug-withdrawal syndrome requiring hospitalization. Getting Help If you believe your health has been affected by the use of heroin or that you are becoming dependent upon the drug, help is available to help you reduce or stop your use of the drug.?? There are many treatment options available that have been proven to help those who have a sincere desire to quit. There is hope! The Health Effects of Heroin Addiction Drug Use Heroin Print The Health Effects of Heroin Short-Term and Long-Term Effects By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 10, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 20, 2019 Doug Menuez Collection / Photodisc / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery As with most illegal drugs, heroin use has both short-term and long-term effects. Whether injected, snorted or smoked, heroin will begin to affect the bodys central nervous system almost immediately after it is used. Short-Term Effects Shortly after using, a feeling of euphoria will come over users, in which they have a warm flushing of the skin, a dry mouth and the feeling of having heavy arms and legs.?? After the initial rush, users will go into an alternately wakeful and drowsy state sometimes called on the nod. Because heroin suppresses the central nervous system, the user experiences cloudy mental function. Users will begin to breathe at a slower rate and their breathing can reach a point of respiratory failure. Long-Term Effects Repeated and chronic heroin users who fail to use sterile technique or share equipment will begin to experience the long-term effects of such practices: Infection of the heart lining and valves??, normally due to lack of sterile technique.Liver disease: approximately 70-80% of new hepatitis C infections in the U.S. each year are the result of injection drug use, and even sharing snorting straws has been linked to hepatitis transmissionKidney disease.??Pulmonary complications, which are often infection relatedSkin infections and abscesses, especially among chronic injectors who suffer scarred or collapsed veins In addition to the risk of contracting the hepatitis virus, heroin users also have an increased risk of catching human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other blood-borne viruses.?? Other Long-Term Health Effects Other long-term health effects of heroin use can include: Collapsed veinsConstipation and stomach cramps??Pneumonia Overdose Warning The most serious health effect of heroin use is the possibility of death due to accidental overdose.?? Because heroin is an illegal drug and can be handled and cut (mixed with other ingredients) by various suppliers before it reaches street-level users, those who use the drug never know how potent or pure the heroin they are using is until they use it. Heroin is often mixed with sugar, starch, quinine, and sometimes, strychnine or other poisons, adding other potential dangers.?? Because of the unknown strength and actual contents of the heroin they are taking, users are at great risk of overdose and death. Addiction Another dangerous effect of heroin use is the highly addictive nature of the drug.?? All heroin users, even those who only snort or smoke the drug, can become addicted with repeated use. Over time, heroin users develop a tolerance for the drug requiring them to use increasingly larger amounts to achieve the same feeling they experienced when they first began to use.?? After a while, the tolerance level to the drug rises to the level that heroin use in any amount stops producing the euphoric effect the user once experienced altogether. When this occurs, the addict continues to seek and take the drug just to feel normal. They become physically dependent upon the drug. Withdrawal When people addicted to heroin try to stop using they can experience extreme withdrawal symptoms. The symptoms can include: Extreme craving for the drug??RestlessnessMuscle and bone pain??Vomiting The most severe heroin withdrawal symptoms peak between 48 and 72 hours after stopping use and can last up to a week. Heroin and Pregnancy Heroin use during pregnancy carries the risk of spontaneous miscarriage.?? The use of the drug by pregnant womenâ€"along with related factors such as poor nutrition and inadequate prenatal careâ€"has been associated with low birth weight. Low birth weight has been linked to later delays in development for the infant. Babies of mothers who regularly use heroin during their pregnancies can be born physically dependent on heroin themselves and can experience neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)??, a drug-withdrawal syndrome requiring hospitalization. Getting Help If you believe your health has been affected by the use of heroin or that you are becoming dependent upon the drug, help is available to help you reduce or stop your use of the drug.?? There are many treatment options available that have been proven to help those who have a sincere desire to quit. There is hope!

The Story of a Shipwreck by Bronislow Malinowski - Free Essay Example

Introduction Sailing in the South Seas was a very dangerous affair for the Trobriand sailors, they had to face insurmountable dangers just to go and get fish for their families. Who are The Mulukwausi The Mulukwausi are frightful beings which met people on sailing expeditions also known as Yoyova, the flying witches. The name Yoyova meant a woman who had these spiritual powers but in the form of flying disembodied being they were called Mulukwausi, and this is what sailors had to be on the lookout for (Malinowski, 238). They were dreaded and were known to be most unpleasant. It was believed that in case there was a shipwreck or a mistake at sea, it was these dreaded women who would send evil to befall the crew. They were so fierce that nobody dared say their name and they were spoken of using the euphemism Vivila. How the Trobriand Sailors Avoided Getting Lost In the Sea A new Canoe painted and decorated is beautiful and a source of pride for its owners. The sailors know their way around the sea and rarely encounter any dangers except encounters with the Mulukwausi who are believed to hear when a canoe is shipwrecked and is sinking (Malinowski, 240). The main way of avoiding these dangers lies in the power of mist otherwise known as Kaygau which along with Kula magic is the indispensable magical equipment of a sailor. The Kaygau is considered to have the power to protect a man who knows it well. Mulukwausi is extremely dangerous around corpses, but a sailor who knows his Kaygau can carry a corpse of a dead sailor and bring it back to the village without fear of an attack from the Mulukwausi (Malinowski, 242). These spells must be recited during the day because when recited at night, the Mulukwausi could see and hear the man and make his magic inefficient. The main belief was that the Kaygau produces some sort of mist which blinds the Mulukwausi and t he sharks who follow the canoe. Technology Used By the Trobriand Sailors to Navigate The sea in which the Trobriand sailors pass through is dangerous with reefs, sandbanks and coral rocks. When the weather is bad, canoes can really be helpless. Despite this fact, the native sailors still sail although in clearly defined routes. The sailors use straight lines across the sea; they also have to navigate between fixed points on the land, they never leave sight of the land so that if there is mist or rain, they can be able to take sufficient bearings which would enable them to make the nearest island (Malinowski, 256). Constant winds blowing in the same direction also ensure that the canoes do not deviate from their course. Additionally, if a canoe goes ashore, it has to drift into a friendly neighbor territory otherwise they may face the same fate as if they met the Mulukwausi (Malinowski, 258). Moreover the trobriand sailors know precisely how to make the masts and sails so that the canoes cannot deviate from the route they must follow. Just like a ship follows radar s o that it can follow the correct course so do the Trobriand sailors who make sure they identify a straight line in which their canoes will follow. Function of Trobriand Magic in the Society The Trobriand sailors believe in so much magic that from the onset of building a canoe to when they start sailing. All these processes involve magic and powerful spells which are meant to keep them safe through their journey and also on their way back. These spells also make sure that their expedition is successful. The Canoes, as well as the sailors, are protected by powerful magic. Conclusion It is believed that when an owl makes cries in a particular village, an inhabitant of that particular village will die, so villagers quickly chase the owl away and cover its droppings in the soil to avoid any deaths. This shows that people would go to any height to prevent calamities from happening. Works Cited Malinowski, Bronislaw. Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea, Enhanced Edition. (2013).