Indias Reproductive And Child Health Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Regardless of expansion out in the open and private medicinal services area outgo, the utilization of human services administrations in India has stayed hapless. Issues identified with Maternal and kid health are of concern.1 For the wellbeing and prosperity of a child, each piece great as family unit and social prosperity, pre-birth and baby blues consideration of female parent is fundamental. We will compose a custom exposition test on Indias Reproductive And Child Health And Social Care Essay or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now India ‘s Reproductive and Child Health programme2- Sing high maternal and youngster expires, specialists of India has ever focused on turn toing these issues through solid wellbeing plans. India was the principal state to set up the national family unit arranging program. It was in this way coordinated into family open help program. The International Conference on Population Development ( ICPD ) , 1994 and the Fourth World Conference on Women, 1995 held at Beijing, China underlined on sexual orientation value and supportable turn of events. These meetings proposed the generative health intends to take care of sexual orientation issues behind the wellbeing employments, grown-up females ‘s health requests for the duration of their life expectancy and work powers ‘s obligation to regard grown-up females ‘s generative rights. ICPD helped India to elucidate a coordinated program which could go past the family unit arranging and accentuation on sexual orientation value. The generative and youngster wellbeing program in India was so begun in 1997. The second phase of this program came in real life alongside National Rural Health Mission in 2005, which underlined on the improvement of handiness and course of the medicinal services administrations by the individuals especially grown-up females, kids and more vulnerable constituents of the general public. The RCH program covers the generative requests of grown-up females and work powers at all periods of life. The generative and youngster wellbeing project of India depends on the essential constituents, for example, Child health ( kid perseverance and child improvement ) and safe maternity ( including safe course of undesirable incubation and fetus removal ) , Adolescent health ( sex advancement, youthfulness guidance and professional constituent ) , solid family arranging ( Ensuring Informed pick, Counseling, sex equity and more prominent male commitment ) , Prevention, detecting and bearing of Reproductive Tract Infections, Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS and dangerous neoplastic malady of the generative framework, Reproductive health consideration of matured individuals. The boss point of convergence of the RCH program is to chop down Maternal and Infant mortality and Entire Fertility Rate. The program is worked everywhere throughout the state through essential, auxiliary and third masses social insurance framework. Decentralized assault is the cardinal constituent of this program. 1.1.2 Use of RCH administrations Utilization of social insurance administrations can be surveyed by understanding ‘s each piece great as wellbeing proficient ‘s position. The patient ‘s position can be emotional dependent on the administrations detailed by the patient or the nature of administrations felt by the patient, or target dependent on the administrations offered by the human services establishment to the patient. The wellbeing expert may see towards the utilization of administrations by financial aspect, for example, the figure of patients, figure of visits etc.3 The utilization of RCH administrations can be surveyed by the utilization of every one of its constituents. Maternal Mortality and dreariness, Infant mortality and child mortality, and whole birthrate rate are the essential indexs of handiness, use and effectivity of MCH administrations. Status of these indexs mirrors the situation of social insurance administrations in the country.5 Grouped components are liable for the utilization of RCH administrations, for representation, degrees of guidance, financial position, natural factors, for example, course to the wellbeing Center, medicinal services foundation and so on. Investigation of utilization of these administrations, thus requires thought of every one of these determiners of the human services utilization.4 1.2 Global situation The Millennium Development Goals ( MDGs ) set up by WHO for MMR is 109, for IMR is 28 and for Under-5 death rate is 42 by the terminal of twelvemonth 2015. High distinction in these indexs in created and creating states shows the distinction in handiness and utilization of RCH administrations in created and creating countries.6 1.2.1 MCH in created nations In created states, for example, cardinal and western Europe, Australia and so on, the utilization of precaution administrations is truly elevated among females than guys. The surveies done in mid 1970ss have helped the created states to better the health administration use. The of import factors indentified were mean expense per visit, health protection inclusion, age, guidance and so on. This brought about lower maternal death rates, for example 5 in Sweden ; 3 in Denmark, Norway and Israel ( Population Action International, 1995 ) . In United States it is discovered that dark grown-up females make well less use of health administrations than white inverse numbers, due to socio-social elements. The expansion in transitory populace and their specific builds lead to non-usage of administrations in Sweden.7,8 The World Health Organization has recognized Cuba as a delineation of â€Å" great wellbeing requiring little to no effort † accomplished through strategies that address the determiners of health and depend on just dish, catholicity and administrative control. They have concentrated on three significant activities 1 ) essential consideration through polyclinics, 2 ) far reaching assault at the network degree and 3 ) input from community.9 1.2.2. MCH in creating nations In ongoing mature ages, creating states are impacted by discoveries in created states, for estimating the nature of their health consideration. Results have gotten specific complement as a stage of value. Estimating results is utile as a list of the effectivity of various interventions and as part of a checking framework coordinated to bettering nature of consideration each piece great as watching its debilitation. In Indonesia use of an incompetent birth attender and conceiving an offspring at place are generally regular among the most unfortunate and least instructed grown-up females. The children of these grown-up females have the most elevated peril of baby mortality. The newborn child death rate varies incredibly by some portion of dish to health administrations. In Ethiopia, socio segment highlights of grown-up females, social setting, handiness, purchaser fulfillment affected health administration use. 1.3 Local situation The national country health crucial set up specific finishes to better the wellbeing administration use by individuals shacking in provincial nations, grown-up females, kids and the hapless in India. The imprint for MMR is 100, IMR 30 and TFR 2.1 by the terminal of 2012.10 The present Maternal Mortality Rate of India is 212. Newborn child death rate has declined to 49, while Under-5 death rate is as yet 64. Whole birthrate pace of the state is 2.6, which is higher in rustic nation for example 2.9 when contrasted with urban nation which is 2.0.11 Fitting to NFHS-3 data, simply 44 percent grown-up females utilize the pre-birth consideration in the principal trimester of incubation, and only 52 percent grown-up females give 3-4 visits to health Center foe ANC administrations during the whole development time frame. Simply 47 percent births are gone to by wellbeing powers including doctor, ANM, medical attendant, accoucheuse or woman health visitant. Only 37 percent grown-up females get post-natal consideration inside two yearss of bringing which should be a basic period. Utilization of these administrations is diverse in provincial and urban nation. In spite of the fact that inclusion of ICDS is high in the state, simply 28percent children get the administrations gave through ICDS. Just 44 for each centum kids are to the full immunized while 5 for each centum kids are non given any immunization. Level of children which are taken to social insurance Center for the Acute Respiratory Infections ( ARI ) , fever and looseness of the bowels scopes from 60-69 in various territories of the state. Most shared belief for non using open wellbeing establishments is hapless nature of administration, trailed by non-accessibility of the social insurance establishment nearby.12 The utilization of RCH administrations varies in various areas of India. Nature and degree of the connection between maternal guidance and utilization of MCH administrations vary between the North and South of India and that this distinction is for the most part dictated by the north-south inferred capacities in the general financial and social condition in which grown-up females live. 1.4 Rationale of the investigation The Maternal, child and under-5 children death rates have demonstrated significant reduction from the earliest starting point of second phase of RCH program, which mirror the positive change in handiness and utilization of RCH administrations. In any case, when contrasted with the MDG closes each piece great as NRHM closes for these indexs, there is farther interest to chip away at the improvement of utilization of these administrations. Kolhapur is the southernmost domain in Maharashtra territory. It is partitioned in 12 talukas and five sub-divisions for regulatory expectations. The whole populace of the region is 35,23,165 out of which around 24,72,809 populace dwells in country area.13 The association of RCH program in Kolhapur domain comprises of a District Hospital, two sub-locale clinics, 18 rustic clinics ( RH ) , 73 Primary wellbeing Centers ( PHCs ) and 413 sub-centres.14 Radhanagari sub-division of Kolhapur domain covers 4 provincial hospitals, 13 PHCs and 52 sub-focuses. The utilization of RCH administrations in the wellbeing Centers situated in Radhanagari sub-division is low, while there is overburden on the domain hospital for these administrations. Subsequently, on suggestions of Sub-divisional Office, Radhanagari and sing all the variables affecting the utilization of RCH administrations, the overview is wanted to examine the utilization type of RCH administrations, justification for non-use of these administrations at various degrees for example

Discussion Board Reply Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Conversation Board Reply - Coursework Example It is obvious from the examination that representatives not just search for associations that care for their flow government assistance yet additionally those that are worried about the workers much after they leave the association upon retirement. In that capacity, building up firm medical coverage and retirement plans would draw in progressively serious and submitted workers to the association (Sharar, 2009). The investigation has helped me in understanding the different optional advantages that I can enter inside the organization’s remuneration design and converge with the compensation strategies towards guaranteeing that workers are held inside the association as well as persuaded towards accomplishing high efficiency. For example, the worker help programs (EAP) would be compelling in helping the representatives comprehend any close to home issues that they may have away from the working environment, which may adversely influence their presentation (Martocchio, 2015). This would guarantee that their concentration and consideration is completely coordinated towards their work. The examination has helped me comprehend through making a family setting inside the association, where the representative issues including family, wellbeing, and training are successfully fathomed, the workers take up the responsibility for association and therefore guarantee most extreme duty towards accomp lishing both present moment and long haul objectives of the association. Courtois, P., Hajek, M., Kennish, R., Paul, R., Seward, K., Stockert, T. J., and Thompson, C. (2004). Execution Measures in the Employee Assistance Program. ,. Representative Assistance Quarterly, 19(3),

Helen Stoner :: English Literature Helen Stoner Essays

Helen Stoner Helen Stoner is in a split second generalized by perusers as a reasonable and simple woman of high society England. Conan Doyle pulls the strings of the Victorian guys wants and makes a 'maiden in trouble', who goes to a man for help that she doesn't have the assets to close herself. He depicts her as a lady who is wronged and in incredible peril in this manner adding to the anticipation of the story. Breaking down the grouping of garments that she is wearing the peruser can reason that she is of adequate 'reproducing' and circumspect. 'A lady wearing dark, and intensely hidden' discloses to us that she is not used to going around the conurbation lone. She is wearing dark as not to stand out. It was unprecedented for ladies of a high-class family to go around the city alone, she may think this disgraceful, which is intriguing thinking about that it differences to present day westernized civilisation where it could be deciphered as free. Habits were of vital significance in Victorian culture, and Helen Stoner is spoken to as a lady who is fit for having the option to show the right 'society habits'. Victorians were punctilious about how a lady was permitted to welcome any guys in her quality. The certainty that she is 'vigorously hidden' determines that she doesn't want Dr Watson or Mr Holmes to guide any focus toward her looks yet rather to her story. This recommends to the peruser that no ill-advised lead was to be engaged. Helen Stoner additionally obviously has an efficient brain. She has common insight yet is denied to show any genuine reasoning that may question a keeps an eye on sees. This is the reason she visits Mr Holmes. She has no control over her stepfather, her perspectives, as a lady would be thought absolutely silly by different guys, so she looks for proficient (male) help as Sherlock Holmes. It is intelligible to me that she has been pushed past her psychological restrictions as a person quite a while in the past, 'She raised her cloak as she talked, and we could obviously observe that she was without a doubt in a pitiable condition of tumult, her face all drawn and dim, with anxious, startled eyes, similar to those of a few pursued creature. Her highlights and figure was those of a lady of thirty, in any case, her hair was shot with untimely dim, and her appearance was exhausted and rough' yet she has endured what she has been diminished to just in light of the fact that it was viewed as ill-advised for a lady to address what a man was doing or for a lady to cause to notice her home life.

Chinese Buddhism essays

Chinese Buddhism articles There is proof of Buddhists in China as ahead of schedule as the third century, however Buddhism was not well known in China for quite a long time. Buddhism was most likely presented after the Han ruler Ming Ti had a fantasy of a flying brilliant god that was deciphered as a dream of the Buddha. After this fantasy, the ruler sent emissaries to India who came back to China with the Sutra in Forty-two Sections. It is kept in a sanctuary outside the capital of Lo-yang. Buddhism was brought to China from the exchange courses of Southeast Asia, and developed gradually. Buddhism initially got famous in China during the Han tradition, and was brimming with enchanted practices, similar to the well known Chinese Taoism. The main Chinese Buddhists instructed that the spirit was indestructible. Nirvana was the conviction of interminability and harmony. They additionally showed karma, which showed the individuals to be merciful. There was consistently an association among Taoism and Buddhism until the finish of the Han line. Everyone accepted that Lao-tzu, had been renewed in India as the Buddha. Numerous Chinese rulers revered Lao-tzu and the Buddha on the equivalent modify. The primary interpretations of Buddhist sutras into Chinese utilized a Taoist jargon so the Chinese could comprehend it better. One of the most significant reasons why Buddhism developed in China during this period was a direct result of interpretation. The most significant interpreter was a savvy priest named Kumarajiva who had contemplated the Hindu Vedas, the mysterious sciences, stargazing, and the Hinayana and Mahayana sutras. During the fifth and sixth hundreds of years Buddhist schools were begun in China and India. Buddhism was getting incredible in China, there had been an enormous increment in the priest populace, and Buddhism was getting famous with the average folks. At the point when the Sui administration was begun in China, Buddhism turned into the official religion. The brilliant time of Buddhism in China happened during the T'ang tradition. Despite the fact that the T'ang rulers were generally Taoists, they f ... <!

Moral Dilemmas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Moral Dilemmas - Essay Example In expressing about this issue, Russ Shafer-Landau contends that different good standards will in general be successfully autonomously to how an individual sees them. Kant’s moral hypothesis is marginally extraordinary particularly how individuals see it. In characterizing moral quandaries, the Kant moral hypothesis is viewed as deontological whereby a person’s activities are ethically upstanding as far as ideals of individual’s thought processes. For this situation, they should get from a specific obligation than tendency (Timmons 27). The assurance to act as indicated by his/her obligation for the most part beats the personal responsibility proof or the craving to do something else. In addition, Kant contends the part of virtues of an individual’s activities with the way that they just dwell in adage or formal guideline. On the other hand, it clarifies about the general responsibility of an individual to take part in a specific demonstration since it is his/her obligation to do as such (Timmons 35). This accordingly implies, obligation remains the need for an individual to carry on of retaliation for the law. Thorough utilization of comparative techniques towards this thinking would bring about an equivalent achievement while managing moral way of thinking issues. This hence implies the inevitable rule of ethical quality should consistently be an ethical law that happens uniquely and has the capacity of managing a person towards a correct activity. In as much as the Kant’s hypothesis appears to be powerful and applies to genuine occasions, this hypothesis of morals is imperfect and ineffectualness when utilized scholarly (Timmons 32). For the most part, the hypothesis neglects to mention to individuals what they ought to do particularly when their ethical duties are clashing. Kant’s hypothesis of morals is totally broad particularly on a portion of the normal occurring regarding moral morals and problems. Be that as it may, the hypothesis isn't point by point and powerful enough to manage individuals on the best way to

The Health Effects of Heroin

The Health Effects of Heroin Addiction Drug Use Heroin Print The Health Effects of Heroin Short-Term and Long-Term Effects By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 10, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 20, 2019 Doug Menuez Collection / Photodisc / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery As with most illegal drugs, heroin use has both short-term and long-term effects. Whether injected, snorted or smoked, heroin will begin to affect the bodys central nervous system almost immediately after it is used. Short-Term Effects Shortly after using, a feeling of euphoria will come over users, in which they have a warm flushing of the skin, a dry mouth and the feeling of having heavy arms and legs.?? After the initial rush, users will go into an alternately wakeful and drowsy state sometimes called on the nod. Because heroin suppresses the central nervous system, the user experiences cloudy mental function. Users will begin to breathe at a slower rate and their breathing can reach a point of respiratory failure. Long-Term Effects Repeated and chronic heroin users who fail to use sterile technique or share equipment will begin to experience the long-term effects of such practices: Infection of the heart lining and valves??, normally due to lack of sterile technique.Liver disease: approximately 70-80% of new hepatitis C infections in the U.S. each year are the result of injection drug use, and even sharing snorting straws has been linked to hepatitis transmissionKidney disease.??Pulmonary complications, which are often infection relatedSkin infections and abscesses, especially among chronic injectors who suffer scarred or collapsed veins In addition to the risk of contracting the hepatitis virus, heroin users also have an increased risk of catching human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other blood-borne viruses.?? Other Long-Term Health Effects Other long-term health effects of heroin use can include: Collapsed veinsConstipation and stomach cramps??Pneumonia Overdose Warning The most serious health effect of heroin use is the possibility of death due to accidental overdose.?? Because heroin is an illegal drug and can be handled and cut (mixed with other ingredients) by various suppliers before it reaches street-level users, those who use the drug never know how potent or pure the heroin they are using is until they use it. Heroin is often mixed with sugar, starch, quinine, and sometimes, strychnine or other poisons, adding other potential dangers.?? Because of the unknown strength and actual contents of the heroin they are taking, users are at great risk of overdose and death. Addiction Another dangerous effect of heroin use is the highly addictive nature of the drug.?? All heroin users, even those who only snort or smoke the drug, can become addicted with repeated use. Over time, heroin users develop a tolerance for the drug requiring them to use increasingly larger amounts to achieve the same feeling they experienced when they first began to use.?? After a while, the tolerance level to the drug rises to the level that heroin use in any amount stops producing the euphoric effect the user once experienced altogether. When this occurs, the addict continues to seek and take the drug just to feel normal. They become physically dependent upon the drug. Withdrawal When people addicted to heroin try to stop using they can experience extreme withdrawal symptoms. The symptoms can include: Extreme craving for the drug??RestlessnessMuscle and bone pain??Vomiting The most severe heroin withdrawal symptoms peak between 48 and 72 hours after stopping use and can last up to a week. Heroin and Pregnancy Heroin use during pregnancy carries the risk of spontaneous miscarriage.?? The use of the drug by pregnant womenâ€"along with related factors such as poor nutrition and inadequate prenatal careâ€"has been associated with low birth weight. Low birth weight has been linked to later delays in development for the infant. Babies of mothers who regularly use heroin during their pregnancies can be born physically dependent on heroin themselves and can experience neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)??, a drug-withdrawal syndrome requiring hospitalization. Getting Help If you believe your health has been affected by the use of heroin or that you are becoming dependent upon the drug, help is available to help you reduce or stop your use of the drug.?? There are many treatment options available that have been proven to help those who have a sincere desire to quit. There is hope! The Health Effects of Heroin Addiction Drug Use Heroin Print The Health Effects of Heroin Short-Term and Long-Term Effects By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 10, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 20, 2019 Doug Menuez Collection / Photodisc / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery As with most illegal drugs, heroin use has both short-term and long-term effects. Whether injected, snorted or smoked, heroin will begin to affect the bodys central nervous system almost immediately after it is used. Short-Term Effects Shortly after using, a feeling of euphoria will come over users, in which they have a warm flushing of the skin, a dry mouth and the feeling of having heavy arms and legs.?? After the initial rush, users will go into an alternately wakeful and drowsy state sometimes called on the nod. Because heroin suppresses the central nervous system, the user experiences cloudy mental function. Users will begin to breathe at a slower rate and their breathing can reach a point of respiratory failure. Long-Term Effects Repeated and chronic heroin users who fail to use sterile technique or share equipment will begin to experience the long-term effects of such practices: Infection of the heart lining and valves??, normally due to lack of sterile technique.Liver disease: approximately 70-80% of new hepatitis C infections in the U.S. each year are the result of injection drug use, and even sharing snorting straws has been linked to hepatitis transmissionKidney disease.??Pulmonary complications, which are often infection relatedSkin infections and abscesses, especially among chronic injectors who suffer scarred or collapsed veins In addition to the risk of contracting the hepatitis virus, heroin users also have an increased risk of catching human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other blood-borne viruses.?? Other Long-Term Health Effects Other long-term health effects of heroin use can include: Collapsed veinsConstipation and stomach cramps??Pneumonia Overdose Warning The most serious health effect of heroin use is the possibility of death due to accidental overdose.?? Because heroin is an illegal drug and can be handled and cut (mixed with other ingredients) by various suppliers before it reaches street-level users, those who use the drug never know how potent or pure the heroin they are using is until they use it. Heroin is often mixed with sugar, starch, quinine, and sometimes, strychnine or other poisons, adding other potential dangers.?? Because of the unknown strength and actual contents of the heroin they are taking, users are at great risk of overdose and death. Addiction Another dangerous effect of heroin use is the highly addictive nature of the drug.?? All heroin users, even those who only snort or smoke the drug, can become addicted with repeated use. Over time, heroin users develop a tolerance for the drug requiring them to use increasingly larger amounts to achieve the same feeling they experienced when they first began to use.?? After a while, the tolerance level to the drug rises to the level that heroin use in any amount stops producing the euphoric effect the user once experienced altogether. When this occurs, the addict continues to seek and take the drug just to feel normal. They become physically dependent upon the drug. Withdrawal When people addicted to heroin try to stop using they can experience extreme withdrawal symptoms. The symptoms can include: Extreme craving for the drug??RestlessnessMuscle and bone pain??Vomiting The most severe heroin withdrawal symptoms peak between 48 and 72 hours after stopping use and can last up to a week. Heroin and Pregnancy Heroin use during pregnancy carries the risk of spontaneous miscarriage.?? The use of the drug by pregnant womenâ€"along with related factors such as poor nutrition and inadequate prenatal careâ€"has been associated with low birth weight. Low birth weight has been linked to later delays in development for the infant. Babies of mothers who regularly use heroin during their pregnancies can be born physically dependent on heroin themselves and can experience neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)??, a drug-withdrawal syndrome requiring hospitalization. Getting Help If you believe your health has been affected by the use of heroin or that you are becoming dependent upon the drug, help is available to help you reduce or stop your use of the drug.?? There are many treatment options available that have been proven to help those who have a sincere desire to quit. There is hope!

The Story of a Shipwreck by Bronislow Malinowski - Free Essay Example

Introduction Sailing in the South Seas was a very dangerous affair for the Trobriand sailors, they had to face insurmountable dangers just to go and get fish for their families. Who are The Mulukwausi The Mulukwausi are frightful beings which met people on sailing expeditions also known as Yoyova, the flying witches. The name Yoyova meant a woman who had these spiritual powers but in the form of flying disembodied being they were called Mulukwausi, and this is what sailors had to be on the lookout for (Malinowski, 238). They were dreaded and were known to be most unpleasant. It was believed that in case there was a shipwreck or a mistake at sea, it was these dreaded women who would send evil to befall the crew. They were so fierce that nobody dared say their name and they were spoken of using the euphemism Vivila. How the Trobriand Sailors Avoided Getting Lost In the Sea A new Canoe painted and decorated is beautiful and a source of pride for its owners. The sailors know their way around the sea and rarely encounter any dangers except encounters with the Mulukwausi who are believed to hear when a canoe is shipwrecked and is sinking (Malinowski, 240). The main way of avoiding these dangers lies in the power of mist otherwise known as Kaygau which along with Kula magic is the indispensable magical equipment of a sailor. The Kaygau is considered to have the power to protect a man who knows it well. Mulukwausi is extremely dangerous around corpses, but a sailor who knows his Kaygau can carry a corpse of a dead sailor and bring it back to the village without fear of an attack from the Mulukwausi (Malinowski, 242). These spells must be recited during the day because when recited at night, the Mulukwausi could see and hear the man and make his magic inefficient. The main belief was that the Kaygau produces some sort of mist which blinds the Mulukwausi and t he sharks who follow the canoe. Technology Used By the Trobriand Sailors to Navigate The sea in which the Trobriand sailors pass through is dangerous with reefs, sandbanks and coral rocks. When the weather is bad, canoes can really be helpless. Despite this fact, the native sailors still sail although in clearly defined routes. The sailors use straight lines across the sea; they also have to navigate between fixed points on the land, they never leave sight of the land so that if there is mist or rain, they can be able to take sufficient bearings which would enable them to make the nearest island (Malinowski, 256). Constant winds blowing in the same direction also ensure that the canoes do not deviate from their course. Additionally, if a canoe goes ashore, it has to drift into a friendly neighbor territory otherwise they may face the same fate as if they met the Mulukwausi (Malinowski, 258). Moreover the trobriand sailors know precisely how to make the masts and sails so that the canoes cannot deviate from the route they must follow. Just like a ship follows radar s o that it can follow the correct course so do the Trobriand sailors who make sure they identify a straight line in which their canoes will follow. Function of Trobriand Magic in the Society The Trobriand sailors believe in so much magic that from the onset of building a canoe to when they start sailing. All these processes involve magic and powerful spells which are meant to keep them safe through their journey and also on their way back. These spells also make sure that their expedition is successful. The Canoes, as well as the sailors, are protected by powerful magic. Conclusion It is believed that when an owl makes cries in a particular village, an inhabitant of that particular village will die, so villagers quickly chase the owl away and cover its droppings in the soil to avoid any deaths. This shows that people would go to any height to prevent calamities from happening. Works Cited Malinowski, Bronislaw. Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea, Enhanced Edition. (2013).

Speculative Trading Profits In The Foreign Exchange Market Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1954 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Introduction Speculation in financial terms means an initial investment on which does not have any safety or there is significant risk of loss on investment. The term speculation is defined by Graham and Dodds which means buying share, equity, assets or debts without analysis which involves a significant risk. Others financial said purchase, holding, short-selling of financial instrument, derivatives, collectibles, stocks, commodities (oil and gold) , bonds to gains profits when fluctuations in its price. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Speculative Trading Profits In The Foreign Exchange Market Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Where as investment is a careful analysis of market and invests in order to obtain profits in long run as is a part of the holding company. The UBS, Deutsche Bank and Citigroup are the top foreign exchange dealers who reportedly earn per year from foreign exchange trading is over $1 billion. The profits of foreign exchange dealers are not necessarily due to speculative excess because most of trading in foreign exchange market is trading between banks. If one bank earns $1 billion then other bank lose $1 billion in foreign exchange trading. Interbank is zero sum game. The foreign exchange dealers are the market makers who trade with each other in order to adjust their range of price in response to buy and sell transactions from the corporate world and earn profits by providing liquidity in a market. Lets us carefully analysis about there earning is it through speculating trading or not by taking example of Citigroup. Suppose that 20% of all trading is between banks and their cus tomers. In 2004 Citibanks total market share was 7.50%. Hence if total volume in the foreign exchange market is $1.9 trillion, the volume of transactions per day handled by Citibank is .0750 X $1.9 trillion = $142.5 billion However 80% of these transactions involve other foreign exchange dealers and we assume that overall Citibank does not earn money on these deals. However, it does earn the bid-ask spread from dealing with corporate customer and other customers, which represents 20% of their market or .20 X $142,5 billion = $ 28.50 billion. if a typical bid-ask spread is 0.30% the profit potential from pure market making is $28.5 billion/day X  ½ X 0.30/100 X 250 trading days = $ 1069 billion / year ( International Financial Management , pp 55). They are number of reasons that Citigroups earn from liquidity service which it provide in foreign exchange market. Firstly we look the interbank spread for the major currencies in the spot market and we know that spreads wi th retail customer is higher than in the interbank market. Second Citigroup have a large market share in less liquid minor currency market for which the spread is much higher. Finally Forward contracts and other derivative contracts involve in foreign exchange trading but spreads are one of the larger part. After analyzing carefully its clear that bulk of Citigroup profits come from market making function not from speculative. It also conformed in study conducted by Amer and Brunner about foreign exchange dealer among United States commercial banks, that speculative trading was average source not major source of profit in foreign exchange trading. Conclusion Speculation is an initial investment for purchase or sell of share, bonds etc based on the information that does not have safety for the investment. Speculative trading in the foreign exchange market is the major source of profit for the dealers but average source of profits. The most of the profits for dealers in foreign exchange trading is market making activities vs. speculation. 2) Is the U.S Current Account Deficit Excessive? Introduction Current account deficit occurs when a nations total exports such as goods, services and transfers is less than nations total imports such as goods, services and transfers. This makes a nation a debtor to the rest of world. However current account deficit is balanced by the capital account surplus. If the capital account does not able to balance the current account then current account deficit leads to balance of payment deficit. A current account deficit is not a problem for certain countries. In order to increase the productivity and export in future some developing countries may run current account deficit for short period of time. To understand the current account by understanding the private saving, private investment and government budget surplus and deficits. To know current account deficit is good or bad is by checking the source of the deficit that is investment and savings. The United States current deficit expand in forth quarter which reflect an improving economy, but fell at the lowest point in eight years because of imbalance happen in 2009. The deficit will increase in 2010, says economist but not that much what we have seen in before recession. For the year, current account deficit pushed by 40.5 percent i.e. $419.9 billion which is the smallest imbalance since 2001. Last years deficit was 2.9 percent of United States total economy which was the smallest percentage in 11 years. The economists closely watch the figures of current account which not only includes trade in goods and services but also investment flows between countries which are tracked by the government on a monthly basis. These figures indicate how much money a country needs to finance its balance of payment imbalance. Economist predict that weaker dollar will boost United States exports because it make United States goods more competitive in foreign market and imports goods more expensive for United States consumers. United States export rose to 8.8 percent for the fourt h quarter because of improving global economy which boosted the demand for United States Autos, Industrial supplies and farm product in foreign market as well as demand for imports also increased because of rebound in United States economy. Imports rose to 9.2 in forth quarter which led big gain in petroleum, capital goods, autos and consumer goods. The amount of $36.5 billion profit gain in service trade such as transportation, financial and other service was used to offset some of the deficit in goods of $145.5 billion in the 4th quarter. The United States of America had a deficit of $31.8 billion in a sector called as unilateral transfers, this transfer includes things like foreign aid, and on the other hand United States had a $25.1 billion profit on investment flows. The Chinese save very much and Japan saving is also high from past 20 year where as American do not save very much because of this the government of United States run big government deficit where as Japan and China run a large current account surplus. The situation will reverse as soon as the investment demand picks up in these counties and these countries starts investing or buying U.S assets. Conclusion In other words an imbalance in nations current account due to payment made by the country for buying the imports is greater than payment received by the country for selling the exports. However current account deficit is balanced by the capital account surplus. However current account is not good or bad because when a country has a current account deficit it borrows from foreigners. If foreign funds profitably invested then these investments will increase the domestic growth and generate greater returns which help to pay off the foreign debts. 3rd Question Answer as fallows. Dollar dominated pure discount bond is 4.5% Per Annam ($) In France, the Euro rate is 7.5% Per Annam (ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬) The current spot rate = $1.08/ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ (S) Forward exchange rate=? Formula to find the forward exchange rate F (n) = S ÃÆ'Æ’- [1+i (n, $)] n [1+i (n, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬)] n = $1.08/ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ ÃÆ'Æ’- (1.045) 5 = $ 0.9375/ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ (1.075) 5 So the forward exchange rate for five year is $ 0.9375/ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ Now, lets use a different method to fine the result. Let assume, invest $10,000,000 in 5 year dollar dominated pure discount. So, at the end of 5 year, the investment will grow to $ 10,000,000 ÃÆ'Æ’- (1.045)5 = $12461819.38 At the current spot exchange rate, the Euro cost of $ 10,000,000 is = $ 10,000,000/ $1.08/ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ = ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ 9259259.26 If invest ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ 9259259.26 in one year dollar dominated discount bond, at the end of the year will have =ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ 9259259.26 ÃÆ'Æ’- (1.075)5 = 13292864.13 Now, F(5) = $ 12461819.38/ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ 13292864.13 = $ 0.9375/ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ Question 4 Ans 180-day Swiss franc deposit: 8.0% P.A. 180-day euro deposits: 10.0% P.A. Spot exchange rate: EUR 1.1960/CHF. 180-day forward exchange rate: EUR 1.2024/CHF. If Carla Heinz invested in euro denominate @ 10% Per Annum. she will have after six months of investment. EUR invest = (euro 10,000,000 X .01) 180 / 360 + Euro 10,000,000 EUR invest = 500,000+10,000,000 = Euro 10,500,000 Next, lets calculate the euro return if Carla Heinz invests her Euro 10,000,000 in Swiss francs denominated assets. This analysis requires three steps: Step 1. Convert the euro principal into Swiss francs in the spot foreign exchange market. The Euro 10,000,000 will buy at the current spot exchange rate this is Carla Heinz principal. Euro 10,000,000 = CHF 8361204 Euro 1.1960 Step 2. Calculate Swiss francs denominated interest plus principal. Carla can invest her Swiss francs principal at @ 8% for one year. Hence, Carla Heinz know that in a six month she will have a return of Swis s francs principal plus interest equal to (CHF 8,361,204 X 0.08)  ½ + CHF 8,361,204 = CHF 8,695,652.26 Step 3. In this case Carla Heinz would contract to sell CHF 8,695,652.26 for Euro at the six month forward rate of Euro 1.2024/CHF. In a six month she would receive. CHF 8,695,652.26 X (Euro 1.2024/CHF) = Euro 10455652 = Euro 10,455,652 Euro 10,500,000 Note: After analyzing the investment of Carla in Euro and Swiss francs its seems that investing in Euro denominated is better compare to Swiss francs and she even dont have a risk of forward exchange rate. But know Carla has an option to barrow money from Swiss and invested in Euro denominated. III) On other hand if Carle Heinz can borrow money CHF 10,000,000 and invested in Euro dominated assists what she will get. For half year she will owe (CHF 10,000,000 X 0.08)  ½ CHF 10,000,000 =CHF 1,040,000 IV) So if Carle Heinz invests in Swiss franc denominate assists then Step 1. Convert from CHF to Euro. CHF 10,000,000 X (Euro 1.1960/CHF) = Euro 11,960,000 Step 2. Calculate Euro interest rate (Euro 11,960,00 X 0.1)  ½ + Euro 1,196,000 = Euro 1,255,800 Step 3. Cove the foreign exchange risk by engaging forward contract to sell. Euro 1, 255,800 Euro 1.2024/CHF = CHF 1,044,411 = CHF 1,044,411 CHF 1,040,000 = CHF 4411. Note: After analyzing the investment of Carla in Euro by browning Swiss francs it seems that investing in Euro denominated is good even after covering forward exchange risk. Ms Carla Heinz will receive CFH 411 in a six month for every CHF 10,000,000. Question 5 Ans Spot exchange rate: CHF 1.4706/$. 180-day forward exchange rate: CHF 1.4295/$. 180-day dollar interest rate: 7.0 % P.A. 180-day Swiss francs interest rate: ? The formula to find forward premium the Swiss francs inertest rate is F S S 1_____ 1_____ F S = CHF 1.4295/$ CHF 1.4706/$ = 2.88 % S 1_____ CHF 1.4295/$ Note that the interest rate differential (dollar Swiss francs) is 7.0% 2.88% = 4.12%, which is approximately equal to the forward premium. The Swiss francs forward interest rate i.e. 4.12% which prevent arbitrage. Question 6 Ans Probability of Argentina will nationalize its banks is = 0.5% ( p ) The interest rate in United States =5 % ( i ) What Argentine banks offer inter rate? p = 0.05, i = 0.005. Formula to find out expected return to the depositing bank is [(1-p) x (1+i)] + (px0) = (1-p) x 91+i) (1-P) ÃÆ'Æ’- (1-i) = 5% = (1-0.005) ÃÆ'Æ’- (1-i) = 0.05 (1+i) = 0.05 = 0.0503 x 100 to convert in to percentage = 5.03% 0.995 Note: the Argentine banks have to offer 5.03% interest in order to attract deposits from foreign investors. Question 7 Intel is a US company, and it is scheduled to receive yen in the future. A weakening of the yen versus the dollar causes a given amount of yen to convert to fewer dollars in the future. This loss of value could be severe if the yen depreciates by a significant amount. If Intel chooses not to hedge its transaction exchange risk, what is Intels expected dollar value of the 100,000,000 the expected spot rate incorporates a 1% weakening of the dollar. This means that the expected yen price of the dollar is 1% less than the current spot rate of 103/$ OR Et(S (t+90,/$) ) = 0.99103/$ = 101.97/$ Hence, Intel expects to receive 100,000,000/101.97/$ = $980,681 We are told that the standard deviation of the rate of depreciation of the dollar is 4%. The standard deviation of the future spot rate is therefore 4% of the current spot rate of 1.04103/$=4.12/$. Thus, plus or minus 2 standard deviations around the conditional expected future spot rate is 101.97/$ + 8.24/$ = 110.21/ $ 101.97/$ 8.24/$ = 93.73/$ the range that encompasses 95.45% of https://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9EH4M901.htm

Theories and Trends in Identity Theft - 2054 Words

This essay strives explains certain aspects of identity theft. The work has first defined identity theft as basically the act of impersonating people so as to gain access to their financial statements. On the other hand, some theories and concepts explain the origin of certain behaviours and acts like identity theft. These theories include social systems theory and theft identity theory. There are trends in this type crime that are worth noting and UK is a good reference to this trend. The crime also has some effects on businesses and consumers that must also be put into consideration. Some case studies like Nigerian and Romanian examples have acted as points of references for identity crimes in the online business environment. Finally, the report has given certain recommendations on how to reduce the incidences of online identity theft. 2.0 Introduction Identity theft is the impersonating of an individual mainly for financial benefit. 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The theme of Dreams in A Raisin in the Sun - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1512 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: A Raisin in the Sun Essay Did you like this example? The play, A Raisin In The Sun is staged in 1959 during a time when African-Americans could not be successful in the economy due to the extreme amounts of racism that were present. The constant encounters of prejudices and racism causes them to have to put aside their hopes and dreams to focus on trying to figure out how to overcome the obstacles that are set out in front of them. During these times, the Great Depression had begun. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The theme of Dreams in A Raisin in the Sun" essay for you Create order The Great Depression of the 1930s worsened the already unpromising economic situation of African Americans. They were laid off from their jobs, and they suffered from an unemployment rate two to three times more than whites. In early public assistance programs African Americans often received substantially less aid than whites, and some charitable organizations even excluded blacks from their soup kitchens. The Civil Rights movement was also coming about. While we dont see a single raisin in the play, we do see a lot of deferred dreamsthe dreams represent the raisin. At the end, one dream is fulfilled. African-Americans believe in the American dream but do not realize how limited their success is when you are a person of color. Hansberry portrays this by showing the different struggles the Younger family goes through during the times they are in. The entire Younger family has different ideas of what the familys money should be used for. Mama has dreams of moving her family out of their current house and into a house with a yard where children can play and she can tend to her own garden. Ruths dream is very similar to Mamas. She wants to build a happy family and believes another step toward this goal is to buy a bigger and better place to live for the family. Beneathas dream is to become a doctor. She also intends to save her race from ignorance. Beneatha lived in a time when society expected women to focus on building homes rather than their own careers. Walter dreams of becoming a wealthy father and providing for his family like the rich people he drives around do for their families. He frames this dream in terms of his family†he dreams of giving the family what he has never had. He feels like a slave to his familys economic hardship. The protagonist of, A Raisin in the Sun is Walter Lee. His gift is ambition. Walter has the ideal that every US citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through determination,initiative, and hard work. Walter Lees, along with several other African-Americans during this time, success was limited. Success to Walter, was measured by how much money a man had in his pocket and what he could do for his family. Others, like Beneatha and Mama, see success as how comfortable you are with your lifestyle. As the date of the check coming approaches, Walter becomes more and more anxious to figure out how the family can use the insurance money to make more money. Walter wants to use the money to invest in a liquor store. The American Dream was often deferred during the time that the Youngers live in. Their prolonged dreams, countless obstacles they faced everyday. All of the familys dreams were deferred. Mamas dream has been delayed since she and her husband moved into the apartment that the Youngers still stay in now. Every day, her dream provides her with an incentive to make money. But no matter how much she and her husband strived, they could not get enough money to make their dream a reality. The resulting insurance money and his death present Mamas first opportunity to realize her dream. Ruths dream is also deferred by a lack of money, which forces her and Walter to live in a crowded apartment where their son must sleep on a sofa. Beneathas dream is deferred because of the money Walter loses. Her dream is also a dream for all women. Walters dream has been deferred by his poverty and inability to find decent employment. He attributes his lack of job prospects to racism, a claim that may be part ially true but is also a crutch. Over the course of the play, his understanding of his dream of gaining material wealth evolves, and by plays end, it is no longer his top priority. Over the course of the play, Walters ambition starts to basically take him over. His money-hungry attitude causes him to spend the money in foolish and crazy ways, instead of doing what Mama intended him to do with the money. She gives him the remaining $6,500 of the insurance money and tells Walter to deposit $3,000 for Beneathas education and to keep the last $3,500. With this money, Mama says, Walter should become, and should act like he has become, the head of the family. Walter suddenly becomes more energized and confident. He talks to Travis about his plans, and he then says that he is going to make a transaction that will make the family more wealthy. Walters excitement builds while he talks about his dream of their future house and cars, as well as Traviss college education. Walters foolish spending of the money teaches one thing and that is that you should follow your dream and take the risk that comes along with it. If you believe in something and know theres a potential risk that comes along with it, you should still follow through with it because the outcome could very well be in your favor. It is easy for someone to give up on something they dream about and face the harsh realities that are set out in front of them, but it takes courage and confidence for someone to overlook those harsh realities and focus on making their dream come true. Walters aspirations push him to strive and achieve his goals. Beneathas dreams are the hardest to achieve. During these times, women were not expected to want to be doctors, lawyers, dentists,etc. They were expected to stay home and raise families while the men went out to get jobs. This was even the case for white families. White women were expected to stay home while the men went out to do labor and make the familys money. Beneatha was proving people wrong and following her original dreams. If Beneatha had settled for staying at home and raising a family, she would be following the societal norm that had been set. Beneatha is different and set apart from the other members of the Younger family because she is far better educated and has wider horizons. Walter thinks she should let her dreams of becoming a doctor go. He thinks she should stay home and raise a family. He wants Beneatha to be a housewife. When Walter and Ruth were in the kitchen, Walter began to rant on about how he was tired of his living conditions and wanted something better. Ruth told him to eat his eggs. Walter went on to say, Damn these eggs!! The quote represents all of the tension tied into their relationship. There is no tenderness. Walter also has his head in the clouds so Ruth tries to keep him within reality. Walter also jumps from dream to dream like Beneatha. He is also confused about what he wants to do in his life. Mama compares her children to the plant in the window. The only way for the plant to see is through the one window of the house. The children are the plant and the check is the window for them. Her children have grown. She has always wanted a prosperous garden and prosperous children. Mama wants nothing more for her children but for them to have great lives and be successful in their future. She wants them to prosper in everything they do. This goes back to the American Dream. They do not have equal rights like the whites in the world. Whites in this time have little to no obstacles stopping them from being what they want to be or going where they want to go. A Raisin in the Sun is mostly about dreams, the main characters struggle to deal with the oppressive circumstances that rule their lives. The title of the play references a conjecture that Langston Hughes famously posed in a poem he wrote about dreams that were forgotten. He wonders if these dreams in the play shrivel up like a raisin in the sun. Every member of the Younger family has an individual and separate dreams †Beneatha wants to become a doctor, and Walter wants to earn more money so that he can afford certain things for his family. The Younger family continues to struggle to attain these dreams throughout the entirety of the play, and much of the familys happiness and depression is directly related to their attainment of, or failure to attain, these dreams. At the end of the play, the family learns that the dream of a house is the most important dream because it keeps the family whole.

Constitutionalism And Human Rights A Troubled Continent...

Postcolonialism is a troubled continent of contested conceptions; the challenge and complexity stand aggravated when the unfamiliar guest – the discourse of constitutionalism and human rights – makes appearance at the dining table. Constitutionalism, most generally understood, provides for structures, forms, and apparatuses of governance and modes of legitimation of power. But constitutionalism is not all about governance; it also provides contested sites for ideas and practices concerning justice, rights, development, and individual| associational autonomy. Constitutionalism provides narratives of both rule and resistance. Constitutionalism typically evokes the device of written constitutions; but the texts of the constitution do not always illuminate, much less exhaust, the context of political and social action. Indeed, constitutionalism interrogates the notion of writtenness in at least two ways. First, behind every written constitution lies an unwritten one, which enacts the conventions and usages, the protocols and accouterments of power that resist linguistic codification. Second, the unwritten often overrides that which stands elaborately written, such that we have the paradox of â€Å"constitutions wi thout constitutionalism† (to adapt a notion of OkethOgando). The defense/war power of the executive furnishes the paradigm case of the first; the second stands illustrated by periods of constitutional dictatorships. In these, the acquisition of political power is legitimated

The Career Cycle of Teachers A Review of Mr. Holland’s Opus Free Essays

In the 1995 film Mr. Holland’s Opus, we watch as the protagonist Glen Holland goes from a near novice to a distinguished teacher. Although the film ends at his (forced) retirement, judging by his past involvement I would imagine he will continue, in the teacher emeritus tradition, to mentor students and teachers and possibly as an advocate for arts education (Steffy Wolfe, 16). We will write a custom essay sample on The Career Cycle of Teachers: A Review of Mr. Holland’s Opus or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are two specific incidents I wish to compare to illustrate the career development of Glen Holland. One is in the development of a senior revue that he devotes much of his time to during the later part of his career, and the other is his decision to incorporate methods into his teaching and conducting that offer ways for the deaf community to ‘hear’ music. These two incidents follow directly on the heels of each other, proving that the process of â€Å"reflection, renewal, and growth† (17) which Steffy and Wolfe discuss in their article on the career cycle of teachers is a constant, and constantly changing, process. During the years previous, we are able to see many career-altering moments for Glen Holland, from learning his wife is pregnant to teaching a young man to â€Å"find the rhythm† (Herek). It is during his final decade of teaching when he helps to create and produce a senior revue in place of the senior play. His involvement in the school revue shows he has a broad influence across departments within the school. Compared to his initial lack of involvement, to the extent that he would literally run to his car as soon as the bell rang at the end of the day, the amount of time and energy he puts into a non-academic activity shows his progression as a well-rounded teacher. At the same time, he has chosen to put energy into teaching that should perhaps be going into his family life, and particularly his deaf son, who he has never learned to communicate with properly. Following this production, in which he encourages a young woman to follow her talent to New York instead of working at her family’s restaurant, he has a revelation about his family and son. His son, Coltrane, confronts him about his thinking that Cole, as a deaf person, can’t appreciate music. This spurred Glen to learn ways he could incorporate new methods (specifically using lights to ‘play’ movements during a concert) into his teaching and performing. In an interview with Frank McCourt on PBS, he said that his turning point in teaching led him to discover that he â€Å"was the big learner out of this teaching experience† (Only). This experience seemed to light a new love of teaching in him, perhaps because, like Frank McCourt talks about, he has rediscovered his own love of learning. These two points in Glen’s career demonstrate the unique career development process of teachers. As Pam Grossman points out in her article about the profession of teaching and the challenges facing it, there has been a flood of under-qualified teachers into schools (par. 2). However, as Mr. Holland proves, it is not just knowledge of methods that makes one a great teacher, but an intimate and profound knowledge of the subject matter. Early in the movie, he tells a young woman who can’t seem to learn the clarinet that â€Å"Playing music is supposed to be fun. It’s about heart, it’s about feelings, moving people, and something beautiful, and it’s not about notes on a page. I can teach you notes on a page, I can’t teach you that other stuff† (Herek). On the contrary, his skill appears to be in teaching exactly that – how to love music instead of merely playing notes on a page. Throughout his career development, he shows that it is this love of his subject matter combined with his love of teaching itself that has touched so many young lives. Teaching may not always lead to monetary riches, but in Mr. Holland’s life it has led to a multitude of personal and professional riches. References Grossman, P. (2003, January/February). Teaching: From A Nation at Risk to a profession at risk? Harvard Education Letter. Retrieved April 14, 2008 Herek, S. (Director). (1995). Mr. Holland’s Opus [DVD]. Hollywood: Buena Vista Home Entertainment/Hollywood Pictures. Only a Teacher: Interview with Frank McCourt. (2003). Retrieved April 18, 2008, from http://www.pbs.org/onlyateacher/index.html. Steffy, B. Wolfe, M. (2001, fall). A life cycle model for career teachers. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 38(1), 16-19.    How to cite The Career Cycle of Teachers: A Review of Mr. Holland’s Opus, Essay examples

Audio Strategy Free Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Has the audio strategy been defined, and is it aligned to the key message of the film? 2.Has the student demonstrated within the audio section of the implementation plan how they intend to accomplish the audio strategy, in a creative and practical way? 3.Is the audio strategy in line with the other element of the implantation plan? Answers: 1. As a sound engineer in the film, I need to make sure that proper sound effects are given all throughout the film to engage the audiences and even promote the strategic intent properly. The major message that is to be delivered to the audiences is to adopt or consider their own flaws and overcome their self-esteem issues. An audio strategy is required to increase the favoring for new sound effects and connect with more people through a proper content consisting of a story. For this film, the media company and its filmmakers have tried experimental audio content to create and share the messages and information regarding the film to the audiences and influence them to watch the film. The audio strategy has allowed to overcome the audio fill gaps and supplemented other media to deliver the best content that are presented through audio effects displaying the importance of overcoming self-esteem issues and embrace their flaws (Ye et al. 2012). The audio strategy is effective enough to a ttract mass audience and even attract the advertisers and marketers to make the film successful as well as make people learn about embracing their flaws, not make self-esteem issues come in front and focus on the perfection. Thus, the audio strategies have been clearly defined and aligned with the strategic content of the film that has been delivered through messages (Kaliakatsos-Papakostas, Floros and Vrahatis et al. 2013). 2. To accomplish the audio strategies, it is important to evaluate the audio section of the implementation plan, furthermore make sure that the sound effects are aligned with the strategic content and messages delivered through the films release. To accomplish the audio strategy, it would be important to promote the brand of the movie production company and increase awareness among the audiences. This would be possible by creating better publicity and developing community to engage more prospects who could promote the film and act as major business stakeholders. The dates should be assigned for the accomplishment of audio strategies and ensure that proper sound effects were provided to the film. Creating list of resources like audiovisual equipments is important and must be ensured that the audio requirements requiring extra support would act according to the Equality Act and other legislations, laws and rules (Xie and Guan 2013). After all the necessary equipments are available, the audio toolsets including the Audio Middleware, Audio Graphical Editor, EAX2, Microsoft XACT and XAudio2 shall be used. All these tools could create convenience in accomplishing the audio strategy as well as add or remove additional functionalities with the advanced features of low-level audio libraries. A proper IT engineer should handle all these tools with support by me to audition environmental Reverb parameters and enable programming and middleware solutions to keep the sound frequencies under control and provide the best sound too (Luo, Yang and Huang 2014). 3. The audio strategies are in line with the various other elements of the implementation plan such as the use of sound toolkits have helped to maintain proper sound frequency and made sure that the scenes all throughout the film are provided with the right quality sounds without any noise. The audio strategy was aligned with the components, because of which, the sound propagation curves were controlled properly and the global variables had been managed properly as well including the Doppler and speed of sound. This provided initialization of the sound parameters, furthermore created beautiful sound effects that could match with the scenes present in the movie (Ye et al. 2012). Thus, it is evident that the audio strategy is in line with the various elements of the implementation plan and will be beneficial for making audiences understand the strategic content of the film too. References Kaliakatsos-Papakostas, M.A., Floros, A. and Vrahatis, M.N., 2013. A clustering strategy for the key segmentation of musical audio.Computer Music Journal,37(1), pp.52-69. Luo, D., Yang, R. and Huang, J., 2014, May. Detecting double compressed AMR audio using deep learning. InAcoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2014 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 2669-2673). IEEE. Xie, Z. and Guan, L., 2013. Multimodal information fusion of audio emotion recognition based on kernel entropy component analysis.International Journal of Semantic Computing,7(01), pp.25-42. Ye, G., Jhuo, I.H., Liu, D., Jiang, Y.G., Lee, D.T. and Chang, S.F., 2012, June. Joint audio-visual bi-modal codewords for video event detection. InProceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval(p. 39). ACM.

My Life In Music free essay sample

My name, in ancient Sanskrit, translates directly to music. Perhaps it was destiny that brought along such a happy coincidence, since music has played an integral role in my life. My mother took me to my first piano lesson at the tender age of five, at a time when I couldnt yet speak English. As I learned a new language in school, I learned a completely different one outside of the classroom. I learned to read music much earlier than I learned to read any other language, so in essence, it was the first full language I acquired. Music has translated into almost every aspect of my life. Early in my musical journey, I realized musics connections to math. When I learned about fractions and percentages, my musical knowledge also expanded into sixteenth and thirty-second notes, which involved subdividing a measure into minuscule equivalent parts. It may not have been extraordinarily difficult, but to a fourth grader, learning both concepts at the same time made both simpler. We will write a custom essay sample on My Life In Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page High school brought yet more connections between academics and music . When I started studying Spanish in high school, many of the adjectives I learned were similar to the florid Italian ones I had seen on my sheet music. Tempo markings in my music like allegro, which my music dictionary had translated simply to fast, were made clearer when I learned that in Spanish, alegre meant happy and lively. This brought a whole new meaning to what the composers of my music had originally intended each piece to be played as. Keeping in mind the new-found insight it had given me, I started appreciating Spanish and the beauty of language more. Music also showed up in my other subjects, like history. In my sophomore year English class, we were assigned to write an essay comparing pieces of art. Of course, I chose classical music as my art form, and decided to research Wagners famous Ride Of The Valkyries and Schoenbergs lesser-known A Survivor From Warsaw, two completely opposite pieces. By rese arching their composers and the world events surrounding their creations, as well as the intricate musical nuances that lay within each, I heard the pieces with a new perspective. Suddenly, Wagners majestic brass fanfares sounded like nationalistic pride, and I could clearly hear the pain behind Schoenbergs atonal orchestral melodies. Uncovering the background behind each composition was fascinating, and music felt more like a means for expressing a story than ever. Music, of course, hasnt only helped me in an academic sense; it has given me opportunities for leadership and self-growth. By being a part of my high schools band, I have grown immensely as both a musician and a leader. Surrounding myself with people just as fervent about music as I am has intensified my passion, and in an effort to contribute as much as I can, I have been section leader of my section for the past two years. This has brought me many responsibilities, like managing a large group and motivating them to try their best, as well as skills like teaching and conducting. Although I may not be the most talented musician or even be exploring music as a career option, it has given me a way of finding myself through art. The feeling I get when I can finally sight-read a piece perfectly, or introduce a lesser known artist to my friends proves to me each time that being lost in music is the most enlightening place to be.

Steroids In Sport Essays - Sports, Endocrine System,

Steroids in Sport Matchmaker.com: Sign up now for a free trial. Date Smarter! Steroids in Sport In the world of sports it is not rare to see athletes give their heart and soul for the love of the game. From sunrise to sundown they practice everyday to perfect their game. Then there are those who take an alternative route. Now athletes are taking performance enhancers such as creatine, androstenedione and worst of all, anabolic steroids. Steroids are chemicals that act like hormones (substances in your body that regulate bodily functions). Anabolic steroids are the ones that are abused to build muscle mass or to make your workout longer. They are chemicals of artificial testosterone, which is a male hormone. With higher testosterone you can have more physique and body hair and a deeper voice. It mainly started in the 1950's when some athletes were juicing up for training purposes but now you will find all sorts of athletes using this drug. From high school to professional sports a lot of athletes are using steroids. Even though it is illegal there are over one million steroid users. Five percent of male and two percent of female high school students are using steroids. So that would be equal to 375 thousand males and 175 thousand females. Why take steroids if you already know that it is not good for you? Most of the steroid users are injecting for better performance and strength for their sports, but, other users are simply juicing to build more muscle mass or to look better, physically. Inside their bodies they are actually ruining themselves. Taking steroids is a big threat to your health. You could have severe acne, genital changes, water retention, and yellowing eyes and skin. Its not only your appearance that could be at risk but you can also get other health problems. There are coronary artery diseases, ligament injuries, high blood pressure, changes in your cholesterol level, sterility, and liver disease. For males you can get breast development, kidney disease, headaches, muscle cramps, abdominal pains, and bone pains. For females you could get male patterned baldness, smaller breasts, deeper voices, hairy bodies and menstrual irregularities. What I don't understand is why some take steroids to look better. Would you be attracted to a woman who is just like one of the guys, literally? And girls, would you want someone who has yellow skin with acne all over his face? I know I wouldn't. Physical problems are just the first step, steroids also give you psychological problems. This would be known as ?roid rage. When the user gets very angry and they could possibly swing punches aggressively at anyone within striking distance. The other mental problem is addiction. Even though the user has an already built body he or she thinks that steroids are still necessary to use so they can perform better. Some users also experience depression during parts of the cycles when taking the drug. Anabolic steroids are illegal and are sold over the black market and there are different kinds. To name some there are Erythropoietin, stimulants, clenbuterol and other drugs that are marketed as steroid alternatives. Without a prescription steroids are illegally sold. Besides steroids there are other performance enhancers that can be bought over the counter. They are androstenedione and creatine. These also increase your hormones just like the anabolic steroids. They way they think andro works is your body converts it into testosterone. If the theory is true then andro would be just like regular anabolic steroids. There have been a few studies of its safety and effectiveness but most studies have been about creatine. An amino acid supplement which will make you train longer and harder. We are for sure that anabolic steroids are bad for you because it has been proven. I believe that if creatine and andro are made and used for the same purpose I don't see how it could be any different from steroids accept that it might not be as harmful, but if taken in a large amount wouldn't it have the same effects? Even though some of these effects are good, is it worth it to go through the bad effects that are more permanent? So for love of the game, would you please keep it clean?

Cultural Characteristics Influencing Attitudes and Practices of Death Essay Example

Cultural Characteristics Influencing Attitudes and Practices of Death Essay Example Cultural Characteristics Influencing Attitudes and Practices of Death Paper Cultural Characteristics Influencing Attitudes and Practices of Death Paper Death is not what it used to be. For most of human history, medicine could do little to prevent or cure illness or extend life, and living to a reasonably old age seemed to come merely with luck. Dying was generally a religious event, not a medical one. Because many deaths took place at home, usually family took care of their dying relatives, and usually had a personnel and direct relationship with the dying, and death in general. These days most people live their lives without thinking of the reality that they might face this kind of reality, or in general â€Å"a wake up call†. I will explain to you a profile of dying and death in the United States, and overview of research on attitudes and practices related to the end of life. I will also explain cultural characteristics that influence attitudes and practices related to the end of life, and the technological and organizational characteristics of health care. Americans, on average live much longer than than they did by the end of the 19th century, and death in infancy is now very rare. The major causes of death now, and a 100 years ago are very different. The dying process today seems to be much more extended due to medical treatment. Death can often be postponed due to reasons like extended treatment. Because of situations like this, the task of preparing for death can often be neglected, and important relationships can be missed. At 1900, the average life expectancy was less than 50 years. In 1995, the average life expectancy reached 75. 8 years, marking an all-time high. Women expect to live to 79, and men 73. These statistics however, vary with racial differences. Black males death rate is nearly twice of white males, same as black females. Also, a century ago people had to deal with diseases such as influenza, tuberculosis, and diphtheria, which at that time were life threatening illnesses. Although these diseases in the most part can be cured, we are plagued today with life threatning diseases such as HIV which is a big threat to our society, especially the black community. Also cancer is a major illnesses that is more frequent in modern times. Since then, death has moved out of homes and into institutions. In 1949, national statistics showed that 49. 5 percent of deaths occurred in institutions such as hospitals, and nursing homes. In 1992, U. S. mortality statistics showed that 57 percent of deaths occurred in institutions. Although sites of death vary by age, this shows that there has been a rapid change in health care. What brought this change, and what alternatives are being used to treat sick and elderly patients. In the U. S. , dying at home, has been the choice of many sick, and dying patients, overviewing an institutional process of dying. Many people who are terminally ill choose to remain at home, or enter a homelike alternative care setting such as hospice. A key perspective in hospice and home care is to obtain high quality care that controls pain, and can offer the highest quality of their remaining life. This is also known as palliative care. Palliative care programs are most often offered through hospice and home care settings found in hospitals. Palliative care is a type of pain management can help in situations where pain is so terrible that suicide is almost welcomed. For elderly people, the decision to begin hospice, or home care is often decided because of basic living arrangements. Many people label this type of care as â€Å"death with dignity†. These programs on the otherhand can not be misused. Bringing hospice professionals in at a last minute situation can limit the effectiveness that perhaps a hospital facility would bring. Although these statistics are accurate, it still gives us little insight where sick patients spend their last dying months here on earth. For example, this does not capture the experience of older patients who lived in nursing homes, and are then transferred to hospitals on the day they die. According to a survey on the Last Days of Life (SLDOL), 33 percent of women aged 64 to 75, but only 17 percent of those aged 85 and over died in the hospital after being transferred there from a private residence in the community within the last three months of their lives. Attitudes toward dying in American culture is suprisingly limited. Much of the physiological construct has focused on death anxiety, which is a realistic fear of a real threat, or an overrreaction to a general prospect of death. For example, fears or concerns over death seem to branch into fears of pain, and suffering, fears of the unknown, and concerns about death of significant others. Broader public opinions rarely deal with death. One poll that was taken by the Association of retired persons(AARP) showed that the majority of retired people were not concerned with death. Another poll showed that in general Americans rarely thought of death. Experts say this is clearly portraying death anxiety, or denial. They say America is â€Å"clearly a death denying society†. On the otherhand this poll also stated that 9 out of 10 patients if were clinically ill , be in a program such as the hospice. I found 2 interesting scenarios dealing with death and bereavement and I found 2 very interesting. One I found on PBS online. It was called â€Å"Mickey: Learning from death. † Mickey had watched his father, and 2 close friends pass away in a span of 4 years. His father who had a coronary died, his friend Marsha, who fought breast cancer, which at many times she was in great denial, and also a friend named Richard whom was more willing to face the situation. But unlike Marshall, he was unwilling to express his fears of dying. Mickey said that†his experience of helping family, and friends die has forced him to think more about his own death, and the possibility. Another situation I found was on a website called dealing with death. Its a website where people can post up their experiences, and how they are coping with them. One situation was from a lady named Kay . This was posted in late August. She had lost her husband to pancreatic cancer, after a 2 and a half year battle. She said â€Å" I cared for him at home, which wasn’t always easy, because I am disabled myself†. She also stated†Hospice was wonderful in visiting us twice a week, and offering advice when I asked. † When a person is dying at home, anticipatory grief (in physiological terms the mourning of someone close to you before they have died) in a caregiver can be intense. The physical and emotional stress can only bring about much more grief. Dealing with memories become a task for newly bereaved person, but there are steps you can take to cope with it. Grief seem to heal best when you share it with others. Anticipate holidays and other anniversaries, and plan to be with friends, and family that are close to you. This advise has helped extremely in my life. I lost an aunt to cancer last year, and sharing my memories with people that loved her as much as I did has always eased my pain. Most important, be kind to yourself as you experience these mixed feelings and emotions.

Improving Decision making in the Public Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Improving Decision making in the Public - Essay Example This study highlights that  the instinctive portion, founded on the emotional instincts, is operational in the absence of conscious inclusion. Contrarily, rational thinking involves all situations requiring deliberative analysis. Unfortunately, the instinctive portion is comparatively stronger than its rational counterpart. As a result, people are tempted to use the instinctive portion even in situations requiring deliberate analysis. This is the reason behind the lack of capacity for individuals to make right decisions.This paper discusses that the public should be instructed by knowledge on decisions making, and use these knowledge while forming decisions. Studies show that knowledge on statistics improves the judgment of certainty and uncertainty, and it is important that this is implemented within education curriculum so that students’ decision making skills are sharpened. In addition, researchers found that exemplary numeracy skills significantly improve one’s ab ility to interpret real world situations. Decision making can be drastically improved by emphasizing these two educational approaches in educational programs, while authorities applying knowledge on decision making through improved statistical and numeracy skills.  Scientific facts rule that we are incapable of altering our selves through the integration of new knowledge and skills to make only right decisions. Never-the-less, the use of libertarian paternalism, and application of the two educational approaches can improve decision making.

Ethical issues in packaging practices, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethical issues in packaging practices, - Essay Example Conventionally, the concept of ethical packaging is associated with green packaging. This can be attributed to the fact that environmental health and safety and preservation of natural resources are among the prime agendas of scientists and researchers in the present age. However, the concept of ethical packaging includes and extends beyond green packaging. Ethical packaging can be defined as a packaging that, in short, complies with the moral standards. While certain moral standards are shared by people in all sorts of cultures, there are others that change from one culture to another. One of the ethical issues in packaging is the pictures of models on the covers. This is particularly an issue in the Muslim countries. Muslim countries make a considerable portion of the consumers. In order to make a product successful in particularly some of the more conservative and orthodox Muslim countries, it is imperative that the products do not have pictures of models over their packages with any level of nudity. While this is generally not a matter of concern in the Western countries, such a packaging is not consistent with the values and teachings of Islam. The fundamental purpose of showing models over the packaging is marketing of the products. If the features of packaging offend the consumers in any way, the sole purpose of putting the models on packaging is lost. Ethical packaging constitutes green packaging given the rapid depletion of natural resources in the present age. In addition to the depleting natural resources, environmental pollution is increasing steadily with the growth of industrialization. This imparts the need for packagers to identify alternate materials with which to pack the products. Traditionally, products are packed in plastic bags. However, their difficulty of decomposition compared to paper bags makes the latter, a more environment-friendly option when it comes to packaging. But using a paper bag in place of a plastic bag has its own implica tions since it is not as strong and durable a carrier as a plastic bag is. Besides, most of the paper is recycled and the chemicals used to recycle the paper contaminate the products packaged in them. This is particularly a matter of concern for food items. When Oakland placed a ban over the use of plastic bags in general and Styrofoam food packaging in particular (Zamora, 2006), plastic manufacturers sued the city in response. According to The Coalition to Support Plastic Bag Recycling, the city did not do adequate research on the repercussions of the ban. Plastic manufacturers sued not on the grounds that their profits might be sabotaged, but instead on the grounds of environment, claiming that paper is no less harmful for the environment than plastic. The jewelery industry provides an example of how ethical packaging can be made more responsible and attractive for the consumers. Jewelery industry has started making socially responsible packaging by raising the bar on the practice s of ethical business. For example, Responsible Jewelery Council is a UK-based organization that has established international standards across the supply chain so as to introduce practices that are responsible socially, environmentally, and ethically in a transparent manner (Cohen, 2013). The movement of ethical jewelery is pervasive as it affects the method of production and

Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF)

Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) INTRODUCTION OF RELIANCE MUTUAL FUND Overview Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) is one of Indias leading Mutual Funds, with Average Assets Under Management (AAUM) of Rs. 1,22,252 CRORES and an investor base of over 72.40 Lacs. (AAUM and investor count as of November 2009) For its 7.3 million investors, RMF offers a well-rounded portfolio of products that meet varying requirements. They are served from offices across 226 locations in India, offices in Dubai, Singapore, Mauritius and UK Reliance Mutual Fund, a part of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, is one of the fastest growing mutual funds in the country. RMF offers investors a well-rounded portfolio of products to meet varying investor requirements and has presence in 118 cities across the country. Reliance Mutual Fund constantly endeavors to launch innovative products and customer service initiatives to increase value to investors. Reliance Mutual Fund schemes are managed by Reliance Capital Asset Management Limited., a subsidiary of Reliance Capital Limited, which holds 93.37% of the paid-up capital of RCAM, the balance paid up capital being held by minority shareholders. Reliance Capital Ltd. is one of Indias leading and fastest growing private sector financial services companies, and ranks among the top 3 private sector financial services and banking companies, in terms of net worth. Reliance Capital Ltd. has interests in asset management, life and general insurance, private equity and proprietary investments, stock broking and other financial services. Sponsor: Reliance Capital Limited Trustee: Reliance Capital Trustee Co. Limited Investment Manager or Asset Manager: Reliance Capital Asset Management Limited Statutory Details: The Sponsor, the Trustee and the Investment Manager are incorporated under the Companies Act 1956. Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) has been established as a trust under the Indian Trusts Act, 1882 with Reliance Capital Limited (RCL), as the Settlor/Sponsor and Reliance Capital Trustee Co. Limited (RCTCL), as the Trustee. RMF has been registered with the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) vide registration number MF/022/95/1 dated June 30, 1995. The name of Reliance Capital Mutual Fund has been changed to Reliance Mutual Fund effective 11th. March 2004 vide SEBIs letter no. IMD/PSP/4958/2004 date 11th. March 2004. Reliance Mutual Fund was formed to launch various schemes under which units are issued to the Public with a view to contribute to the capital market and to provide investors the opportunities to make investments in diversified securities The main objectives of the Trust are: To carry on the activity of a Mutual Fund as may be permitted at law and formulate and devise various collective Schemes of savings and investments for people in India and abroad and also ensure liquidity of investments for the Unit holders; To deploy Funds thus raised so as to help the Unit holders earn reasonable returns on their savings and To take such steps as may be necessary from time to time to realize the effects without any limitation. Risk Factors: Mutual Funds and securities investments are subject to market risks and there is no assurance or guarantee that the objectives of the Scheme will be achieved. As with any investment in securities, the NAV of the Units issued under the Scheme can go up or down depending on the factors and forces affecting the capital markets. Past performance of the Sponsor/AMC/Mutual Fund is not indicative of the future performance of the Scheme. The Sponsor is not responsible or liable for any loss resulting from the operation of the Scheme beyond their initial contribution of Rs.1 lakh towards the setting up of the Mutual Fund and such other accretions and additions to the corpus. The NAV of the Scheme may be affected, interalia, by changes in the market conditions, interest rates, trading volumes, settlement periods and transfer procedures. The Mutual Fund is not assuring that it will make periodical dividend distributions, though it has every intention of doing so. All dividend dist ributions are subject to the availability of distributable surplus in the Scheme. Vision Statement To be a globally respected wealth creator with an emphasis on customer care and a culture of good corporate governance Mission Statement To create and nurture a world-class, high performance environment aimed at delighting our customers Corporate Governance Corporate Governance Policy: Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd. has a vision of being a leading player in the Mutual Fund business and has achieved significant success and visibility in the market. However, an imperative part of growth and visibility is adherence to Good Conduct in the marketplace. At Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd., the implementation and observance of ethical processes and policies has helped us in standing up to the scrutiny of our domestic and international investors. Management: The management at Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd. is committed to good Corporate Governance, which includes transparency and timely dissemination of information to its investors and unit holders. The Board of Directors of RCAM is a professional body, including well-experienced and knowledgeable Independent Members. Regular Audit Committee meetings are conducted to review the operations and performance of the company. Employees: Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd. has at present, a code of conduct for all its officers. It has a clearly defined prohibition on insider trading policy and regulations. The management believes in the principles of propriety and utmost care is taken while handling public money, making proper and adequate disclosures. All personnel at Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd are made aware of their rights, obligations and duties as part of the Dealing Policy laid down in terms of SEBI guidelines. They are taken through a well-designed HR program, conducted to impart work ethics, the Code of Conduct, information security, Internet and e-mail usage and a host of other issues. One of the core objectives of Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd. is to identify issues considered sensitive by global corporate standards, and implement policies/guidelines in conformity with the best practices as an ongoing process. Reliance Mutual Fund Schemes: Equity/Growth Schemes The aim of growth funds is to provide capital appreciation over the medium to long- term. Such schemes normally invest a major part of their corpus in equities. Such funds have comparatively high risks. These schemes provide different options to the investors like dividend option, capital appreciation, etc. and the investors may choose an option depending on their preferences. The investors must indicate the option in the application form. The mutual funds also allow the investors to change the options at a later date. Growth schemes are good for investors having a long-term outlook seeking appreciation over a period of time. Debt/Income Schemes The aim of income funds is to provide regular and steady income to investors. Such schemes generally invest in fixed income securities such as bonds, corporate debentures, Government securities and money market instruments. Such funds are less risky compared to equity schemes. These funds are not affected because of fluctuations in equity markets. However, opportunities of capital appreciation are also limited in such funds. The NAVs of such funds are affected because of change in interest rates in the country. If the interest rates fall, NAVs of such funds are likely to increase in the short run and vice versa. However, long term investors may not bother about these fluctuations. Sector Specific Schemes These are the funds/schemes which invest in the securities of only those sectors or industries as specified in the offer documents. e.g. Pharmaceuticals, Software, Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), Petroleum stocks, etc. The returns in these funds are dependent on the performance of the respective sectors/industries. While these funds may give higher returns, they are more risky compared to diversified funds. Investors need to keep a watch on the performance of those sectors/industries and must exit at an appropriate time. They may also seek advice of an expert. Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) are usually passively managed mutual fund schemes tracking a benchmark index and reflect the performance of that index. These schemes are listed on the stock exchange and therefore have the flexibility of trading like a share on the stock exchange. It can also be looked as a security that tracks an index, a commodity or a basket of assets like an index fund, but trades like a stock on an exchange, thus experiencing price changes throughout the day as it is bought and sold. Fixed Maturity Plans (FMPs) Fixed Maturity Plans (FMPs) are basically debt oriented investment schemes with a pre-specified tenure offered by mutual funds. FMPs invest in a portfolio of debt instruments whose maturity coincides with the maturity of the concerned FMP. The primary objective of a FMP is to generate income while aiming to protect the capital by investing in a portfolio of debt and money market securities. Since FMPs are available with several maturity options, one can invest in the relevant plan depending upon his investment horizon and the requirement of cash flows. Interval Fund / Fixed Maturity Plan Reliance Interval Fund (A Debt Oriented Interval Scheme): The investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the plan with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund Plan C (A close-ended scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the scheme with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund (A close-ended income scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the scheme with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund (A closed-ended income scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the plan with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund (A closed-ended income scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the plan with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund (A closed-ended income scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the plan with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund (A closed-ended income scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the plan with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund (A closed-ended income scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the plan with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund (A closed-ended income scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the plan with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund (A closed-ended income scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the plan with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Portfolio management services: Overview Reliance Portfolio Management Services is an exclusive offering from the portfolio management division of Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Capital Ltd., Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd. is also the investment manager for Reliance Mutual Fund schemes wherein it manages assets worth over Rs. 42,200 crores (as on Feb 28, 2007) Reliance Portfolio Management Services is a premium financial service, offering innovative exclusive products through discretionary advisory services. Our expertise has earned the trust of thousands of high net-worth individual/ institutional investors and created a family that is constantly growing. Reliance Portfolio Management Services can conduct your investments with true finesse coupled with passion and innovation. Reliance Portfolio Management Services is a part of Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Capital Ltd. Reliance Capital Ltd. is one of Indias leading and fastest growing private sector financial services companies, and ranks among the top 3 private sector financial services and banking companies, in terms of net worth. Reliance Capital Ltd. has interests in asset management, life and general insurance, private equity and proprietary investments, stock broking and other financial services Organizational philosophy When it comes to managing investments what one needs is the fine harmony and the scale of an orchestra. Essentially, this translates to a special kind of skill that understands the finer nuances and appreciates the subtle notes. Only then can the instrumentation deliver a consistently enhanced performance. Now, you can get that kind of superior orchestration for your investment portfolio. Introducing Reliance Portfolio Management Services (Reliance PMS), a premium financial offering for select investors. An exclusive service, where a diligent team of talented professionals with diverse skill sets orchestrate your investments to deliver optimum returns. And a consistently laudable performance. Investmant philosophy A rich canvas of melodies.. At Reliance PMS you can expect a multitude of innovative investment options to serve varying investment objectives. The spectrum of asset classes traverses from the traditional asset classes, such as equities, fixed income or gold, to emerging ones, such as structured products or realty. Their Aim: To traverse the journey of your wealth creation with you by leveraging these asset options. They constantly endeavor to deliver competitive returns through a conservative and a diligent fund management framework, that is supported by rigorous analysis and a proven investment methodology The keynotes to perfection Minimizing Risks, Optimizing Gains All great scores being with a plan. To make beautiful music and surpass all expectations. Their strategy is quite similar. An increasing investor base is a reflection of the trust that investors repose in us, which we respect. Hence the safety of our investors assets is of utmost priority and this is the foundation of our investment philosophy. At Reliance PMS, they view every portfolio with the diligence of a musician composing a new score. Fine-tuning. Enhancing. Improving. Constantly working towards superior orchestration of your portfolio. Naturally, this is only possible if the foundation is sound. Strong investments, pure harmonies what we believe in Strong melodies call for a fine conductor. Reliance Portfolio Management Services can conduct your investments with utmost perfection. Our investment beliefs form the core of what we do. Our foundation is based on five key elements: Canvas, Concentration, Cash and Flexibility, Customisation and Customer Service. And it is with this rock solid base that we plan a fine crescendo for your investments Reliance PMS advantage: you As a Reliance PMS customer, we get a lot more than just superior portfolio management. We get the advantage of a solid and reputable track record backed by the expertise of a sound and stable investment team. Their philosophy lays considerable emphasis on an intensive research based, bottom-up, stock picking approach with a bias towards customizing the product offerings for our investors and business associates. They strongly believe that our investments should be adaptable enough to succeed in any market situation. Which is why our investment philosophy revolves around a solid bottom-up approach. So its true, when you invest with Reliance PMS, its certain that you will have all your investments in perfect sync. The composers score fund management Process All great scores begin with a plan. To make beautiful music and surpass all expectations. Their process is quite similar. All potential investment opportunities are subjected to extensive research, which includes analysis of various macro and micro economic indicators, related to specific sector company and or industry. This coupled with company visits and extensive interaction facilitates a data pool, which becomes the foundation of the process. Following are various services or investment schemes offered by Reliance Portfolio Management: 1). Absolute freedom option: This investment option is a highly flexible one with a very direct focus. To make the most of investment openings across a wide gamut of large cap, mid cap and small cap stocks. The aim of this product is to deliver positive absolute returns. It plans to do this by focusing on research based value investing to cover potentially investment-worthy companies. Investment Time Horizon: 3 years more Minimum Investment Amount : Resident Indian: INR 1 Crore Non Resident Indian: INR 2 Crores 2). Large cap option: This portfolio model endeavors to generate capital appreciation by investing in companies drawn primarily from the Top 250 companies. These companies are ranked on the basis of market capitalization. The focus over here is on companies with a proven track record and a favorable medium to long-term outlook. Investment Time Horizon: 3 years more Minimum Investment Amount : Resident Indian: INR 1 Crore Non Resident Indian: INR 2 Crores 3). Small Mid cap option: Capital appreciation through bottom up stock picking is of priority here with a special emphasis on the small and mid-cap space. Incisive and keen research is the backbone of this product. A dedicated research team will initiate portfolio building by discovering businesses that are relatively new and less tracked. Investment Time Horizon: 3 years more Minimum Investment Amount : Resident Indian: INR 1 Crore Non Resident Indian: INR 2 Crores 4). Concentrated option: The investment objective of concentrated option is to achieve long term capital appreciation from equity and equity related investments. This investment option endeavors to invest disproportionate corpus in large and mid cap high growth companies that would be able to compound wealth over medium to long term. Investment Time Horizon: 3 years more Minimum Investment Amount: Resident Indian: Resident Indian: INR 1 Crore Tranche 1: INR 50 Lacs Tranche 2: INR 25 Lacs* Tranche 3: INR 25 Lacs* Non Resident Indian: INR 1 Crores 5). Emerging sector opportunity option: The Trinity Option which is a part of Emerging Sector Opportunity Option shall invest in a combination of sectors in order to cater to specific investor requirements and market conditions. The Trinity Series will look at investment opportunities in Natural Resources, Infrastructure Capital Goods and Financial Services. The Trinity Series offer the investors an opportunity to be part of the emerging sectors which would be the engines of growth and key drivers of the Indian economy Investment Time Horizon: 3 years more Minimum Investment Amount : Resident Indian: INR 1 Crore Non Resident Indian: INR 1 Crores Fixed income schemes under portfolio management services: All Season Debt Shield Aggressive Returns Option: A highly flexible investment option, which offers a diversified investment portfolio across ratings and the yield curve. Fixed Maturity Option: A relatively protective investment option with investments predominantly locked for the duration of the scheme. In certain scenarios, there might be partial redemption allowed, without a significant impact on the portfolio returns. Liquidity Option: The underlying tone of this investment option is to essentially provide the investors with superior returns as compared to traditional open-ended money market schemes. Blended Debt Plus Best of Funds Option Under this option, investments shall be made in units of different mutual funds. This option is designed to achieve even greater diversification than traditional mutual funds. Structured products solution: Structured Products are Investment instruments that combine at least one derivative with assets such as equity and fixed income securities. Such products are fast emerging as an alternate asset class among HNI/ Institutional investors providing opportunities that capture potential upsides of the equity universe with capital protection. Customized solutions: At Reliance PMS believe in delivering more than what the customer expects, customized solutions are just a step towards it. Customized solutions are investments specially created to meet needs that cannot be met from the standardized financial instruments available in the market. Customized solutions capture the characteristics of traditional and nontraditional investments with financial instruments. The strategic combination of these components provides control and flexibility to address those investors whose investment objective is not met through traditional investments available. AMC (Asset Management Company) of Reliance Mutual fund: A company that invests its clients pooled fundinto securities that match its declared financial objectives. Asset management companies provide investors with more diversification and investing options than they would have by themselves. Mutual funds, hedge funds andpension plans are all run by asset management companies. These companies earn income by charging service fees to their clients. AMCs offer their clients more diversificationbecause they have a larger pool of resources than the individual investor.Pooling assets together and paying out proportional returns allows investors to avoid minimum investment requirements often required when purchasing securities on their own,as well as the ability toinvest in a larger set of securities with a smaller investment AMC has to discharge mainly three functions as under: Taking investment decisions and making investments of the funds through market dealer/brokers in the secondary market securities or directly in the primary capital market or money market instruments Realize fund position by taking account of all receivables and realizations, moving corporate actions involving declaration of dividends,etc to compensate investors for their investments in units; and Maintaining proper accounting and information for pricing the units and arriving at net asset value (NAV), the information about the listed schemes and the transactions of units in the secondary market. AMC has to feed back the trustees about its fund management operations and has to maintain a perfect information system. Structure of AMC: RCAM has been appointed as the Asset Management Company of Reliance Mutual Fund by The Trustee vide Investment Management Agreement (IMA) dated May 12, 1995 and executed between Reliance Capital Trustee Co. Limited and Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd. and amended on August 12, 1997 in line with SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 1996). Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd.(RCAM) is an unlisted Public Limited Company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 on February 24, 1995, having its registered office at Reliance House, Near. Mardia Plaza, Off. C.G. Road, Ahmedabad, 380 006 and its Corporate Office at One Indiabulls Centre, Tower 1, Jupiter Mills Compound , 841, Senapati Bapat Marg, Elphinstone Road, Mumbai 400 013. Directors of the company include Amitabh Jhunjhunwala, a senior executive of ADAG. Amitabh Chaturvedi is the managing director of the AMC. As of end August 2006, Reliance mutual fund has Rs 28,753 crore of assets under management. Reliance Equity Fund, launched by Reliance MF in early 2006, is the largest mutual find scheme in the country with a fund size of over Rs 5,500 crore. The net worth of the Asset Management Company based on audited accounts as on March 31, 2009 is Rs. 841.32 Crore. Here is a list of mutual funds of Reliance which includes Debt/Income Funds , Equity Funds and Sector Specific Funds. Latest NAV Scheme Name NAV (Net Asset Value) Date Reliance Medium Term Fund-Retail Plan Growth Plan Bonus Option 13.4254 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Medium Term Fund-Retail Plan Growth Plan Growth Option 18.7981 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Medium Term Fund-Retail Plan Monthly Dividend Plan 10.3827 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Medium Term Fund-Retail Plan Quarterly Dividend Plan 10.8016 03-Dec-2009 Reliance NRI Income Fund-Dividend Plan-Dividend Option 11.8741 03-Dec-2009 Reliance NRI Income Fund-Growth Plan-Growth Option 11.8741 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Short Term Fund-Dividend Re-investment Plan 10.6417 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Short Term Fund-Growth Plan 17.1406 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Short Term Fund-Quarterly Dividend Plan 13.5299 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Banking Fund-Dividend Plan-Dividend Option 31.2926 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Banking Fund-Growth Plan-Bonus Option 78.4123 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Banking Fund-Growth Plan-Growth Option 78.4123 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Diversified Power Sector Fund-Dividend Plan-Dividend 47.6648 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Diversified Power Sector Fund-Growth-Bonus 76.6486 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Diversified Power Sector Fund-Growth-Growth 76.6486 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Equity Fund-Dividend Plan-Dividend Option 15.1151 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Equity Fund-Growth Plan-Bonus Option 15.1151 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Equity Fund-Growth Plan-Growth Option 15.1151 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Equity Opportunities Fund-Dividend Plan-Dividend Option 19.3456 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Equity Opportunities Fund-Growth Plan-Bonus Option 27.3863 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Equity Opportunities Fund-Growth Plan-Growth Option 27.3863 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Growth Fund-Dividend Plan-(D) 53.3177 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Growth Fund-Growth Plan-Bonus Option 68.9535 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Growth Fund-Growth Plan-Growth Option 415.6732 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Media Entertainment Fund-Dividend Plan-Dividend Option 18.0409 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Media Entertainment Fund-Growth Plan-Bonus Option 2 Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) INTRODUCTION OF RELIANCE MUTUAL FUND Overview Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) is one of Indias leading Mutual Funds, with Average Assets Under Management (AAUM) of Rs. 1,22,252 CRORES and an investor base of over 72.40 Lacs. (AAUM and investor count as of November 2009) For its 7.3 million investors, RMF offers a well-rounded portfolio of products that meet varying requirements. They are served from offices across 226 locations in India, offices in Dubai, Singapore, Mauritius and UK Reliance Mutual Fund, a part of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, is one of the fastest growing mutual funds in the country. RMF offers investors a well-rounded portfolio of products to meet varying investor requirements and has presence in 118 cities across the country. Reliance Mutual Fund constantly endeavors to launch innovative products and customer service initiatives to increase value to investors. Reliance Mutual Fund schemes are managed by Reliance Capital Asset Management Limited., a subsidiary of Reliance Capital Limited, which holds 93.37% of the paid-up capital of RCAM, the balance paid up capital being held by minority shareholders. Reliance Capital Ltd. is one of Indias leading and fastest growing private sector financial services companies, and ranks among the top 3 private sector financial services and banking companies, in terms of net worth. Reliance Capital Ltd. has interests in asset management, life and general insurance, private equity and proprietary investments, stock broking and other financial services. Sponsor: Reliance Capital Limited Trustee: Reliance Capital Trustee Co. Limited Investment Manager or Asset Manager: Reliance Capital Asset Management Limited Statutory Details: The Sponsor, the Trustee and the Investment Manager are incorporated under the Companies Act 1956. Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) has been established as a trust under the Indian Trusts Act, 1882 with Reliance Capital Limited (RCL), as the Settlor/Sponsor and Reliance Capital Trustee Co. Limited (RCTCL), as the Trustee. RMF has been registered with the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) vide registration number MF/022/95/1 dated June 30, 1995. The name of Reliance Capital Mutual Fund has been changed to Reliance Mutual Fund effective 11th. March 2004 vide SEBIs letter no. IMD/PSP/4958/2004 date 11th. March 2004. Reliance Mutual Fund was formed to launch various schemes under which units are issued to the Public with a view to contribute to the capital market and to provide investors the opportunities to make investments in diversified securities The main objectives of the Trust are: To carry on the activity of a Mutual Fund as may be permitted at law and formulate and devise various collective Schemes of savings and investments for people in India and abroad and also ensure liquidity of investments for the Unit holders; To deploy Funds thus raised so as to help the Unit holders earn reasonable returns on their savings and To take such steps as may be necessary from time to time to realize the effects without any limitation. Risk Factors: Mutual Funds and securities investments are subject to market risks and there is no assurance or guarantee that the objectives of the Scheme will be achieved. As with any investment in securities, the NAV of the Units issued under the Scheme can go up or down depending on the factors and forces affecting the capital markets. Past performance of the Sponsor/AMC/Mutual Fund is not indicative of the future performance of the Scheme. The Sponsor is not responsible or liable for any loss resulting from the operation of the Scheme beyond their initial contribution of Rs.1 lakh towards the setting up of the Mutual Fund and such other accretions and additions to the corpus. The NAV of the Scheme may be affected, interalia, by changes in the market conditions, interest rates, trading volumes, settlement periods and transfer procedures. The Mutual Fund is not assuring that it will make periodical dividend distributions, though it has every intention of doing so. All dividend dist ributions are subject to the availability of distributable surplus in the Scheme. Vision Statement To be a globally respected wealth creator with an emphasis on customer care and a culture of good corporate governance Mission Statement To create and nurture a world-class, high performance environment aimed at delighting our customers Corporate Governance Corporate Governance Policy: Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd. has a vision of being a leading player in the Mutual Fund business and has achieved significant success and visibility in the market. However, an imperative part of growth and visibility is adherence to Good Conduct in the marketplace. At Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd., the implementation and observance of ethical processes and policies has helped us in standing up to the scrutiny of our domestic and international investors. Management: The management at Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd. is committed to good Corporate Governance, which includes transparency and timely dissemination of information to its investors and unit holders. The Board of Directors of RCAM is a professional body, including well-experienced and knowledgeable Independent Members. Regular Audit Committee meetings are conducted to review the operations and performance of the company. Employees: Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd. has at present, a code of conduct for all its officers. It has a clearly defined prohibition on insider trading policy and regulations. The management believes in the principles of propriety and utmost care is taken while handling public money, making proper and adequate disclosures. All personnel at Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd are made aware of their rights, obligations and duties as part of the Dealing Policy laid down in terms of SEBI guidelines. They are taken through a well-designed HR program, conducted to impart work ethics, the Code of Conduct, information security, Internet and e-mail usage and a host of other issues. One of the core objectives of Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd. is to identify issues considered sensitive by global corporate standards, and implement policies/guidelines in conformity with the best practices as an ongoing process. Reliance Mutual Fund Schemes: Equity/Growth Schemes The aim of growth funds is to provide capital appreciation over the medium to long- term. Such schemes normally invest a major part of their corpus in equities. Such funds have comparatively high risks. These schemes provide different options to the investors like dividend option, capital appreciation, etc. and the investors may choose an option depending on their preferences. The investors must indicate the option in the application form. The mutual funds also allow the investors to change the options at a later date. Growth schemes are good for investors having a long-term outlook seeking appreciation over a period of time. Debt/Income Schemes The aim of income funds is to provide regular and steady income to investors. Such schemes generally invest in fixed income securities such as bonds, corporate debentures, Government securities and money market instruments. Such funds are less risky compared to equity schemes. These funds are not affected because of fluctuations in equity markets. However, opportunities of capital appreciation are also limited in such funds. The NAVs of such funds are affected because of change in interest rates in the country. If the interest rates fall, NAVs of such funds are likely to increase in the short run and vice versa. However, long term investors may not bother about these fluctuations. Sector Specific Schemes These are the funds/schemes which invest in the securities of only those sectors or industries as specified in the offer documents. e.g. Pharmaceuticals, Software, Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), Petroleum stocks, etc. The returns in these funds are dependent on the performance of the respective sectors/industries. While these funds may give higher returns, they are more risky compared to diversified funds. Investors need to keep a watch on the performance of those sectors/industries and must exit at an appropriate time. They may also seek advice of an expert. Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) are usually passively managed mutual fund schemes tracking a benchmark index and reflect the performance of that index. These schemes are listed on the stock exchange and therefore have the flexibility of trading like a share on the stock exchange. It can also be looked as a security that tracks an index, a commodity or a basket of assets like an index fund, but trades like a stock on an exchange, thus experiencing price changes throughout the day as it is bought and sold. Fixed Maturity Plans (FMPs) Fixed Maturity Plans (FMPs) are basically debt oriented investment schemes with a pre-specified tenure offered by mutual funds. FMPs invest in a portfolio of debt instruments whose maturity coincides with the maturity of the concerned FMP. The primary objective of a FMP is to generate income while aiming to protect the capital by investing in a portfolio of debt and money market securities. Since FMPs are available with several maturity options, one can invest in the relevant plan depending upon his investment horizon and the requirement of cash flows. Interval Fund / Fixed Maturity Plan Reliance Interval Fund (A Debt Oriented Interval Scheme): The investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the plan with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund Plan C (A close-ended scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the scheme with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund (A close-ended income scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the scheme with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund (A closed-ended income scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the plan with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund (A closed-ended income scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the plan with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund (A closed-ended income scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the plan with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund (A closed-ended income scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the plan with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund (A closed-ended income scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the plan with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund (A closed-ended income scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the plan with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Reliance Fixed Horizon Fund (A closed-ended income scheme): The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of Central and State Government securities and other fixed income/ debt securities normally maturing in line with the time profile of the plan with the objective of limiting interest rate volatility. Portfolio management services: Overview Reliance Portfolio Management Services is an exclusive offering from the portfolio management division of Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Capital Ltd., Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd. is also the investment manager for Reliance Mutual Fund schemes wherein it manages assets worth over Rs. 42,200 crores (as on Feb 28, 2007) Reliance Portfolio Management Services is a premium financial service, offering innovative exclusive products through discretionary advisory services. Our expertise has earned the trust of thousands of high net-worth individual/ institutional investors and created a family that is constantly growing. Reliance Portfolio Management Services can conduct your investments with true finesse coupled with passion and innovation. Reliance Portfolio Management Services is a part of Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Capital Ltd. Reliance Capital Ltd. is one of Indias leading and fastest growing private sector financial services companies, and ranks among the top 3 private sector financial services and banking companies, in terms of net worth. Reliance Capital Ltd. has interests in asset management, life and general insurance, private equity and proprietary investments, stock broking and other financial services Organizational philosophy When it comes to managing investments what one needs is the fine harmony and the scale of an orchestra. Essentially, this translates to a special kind of skill that understands the finer nuances and appreciates the subtle notes. Only then can the instrumentation deliver a consistently enhanced performance. Now, you can get that kind of superior orchestration for your investment portfolio. Introducing Reliance Portfolio Management Services (Reliance PMS), a premium financial offering for select investors. An exclusive service, where a diligent team of talented professionals with diverse skill sets orchestrate your investments to deliver optimum returns. And a consistently laudable performance. Investmant philosophy A rich canvas of melodies.. At Reliance PMS you can expect a multitude of innovative investment options to serve varying investment objectives. The spectrum of asset classes traverses from the traditional asset classes, such as equities, fixed income or gold, to emerging ones, such as structured products or realty. Their Aim: To traverse the journey of your wealth creation with you by leveraging these asset options. They constantly endeavor to deliver competitive returns through a conservative and a diligent fund management framework, that is supported by rigorous analysis and a proven investment methodology The keynotes to perfection Minimizing Risks, Optimizing Gains All great scores being with a plan. To make beautiful music and surpass all expectations. Their strategy is quite similar. An increasing investor base is a reflection of the trust that investors repose in us, which we respect. Hence the safety of our investors assets is of utmost priority and this is the foundation of our investment philosophy. At Reliance PMS, they view every portfolio with the diligence of a musician composing a new score. Fine-tuning. Enhancing. Improving. Constantly working towards superior orchestration of your portfolio. Naturally, this is only possible if the foundation is sound. Strong investments, pure harmonies what we believe in Strong melodies call for a fine conductor. Reliance Portfolio Management Services can conduct your investments with utmost perfection. Our investment beliefs form the core of what we do. Our foundation is based on five key elements: Canvas, Concentration, Cash and Flexibility, Customisation and Customer Service. And it is with this rock solid base that we plan a fine crescendo for your investments Reliance PMS advantage: you As a Reliance PMS customer, we get a lot more than just superior portfolio management. We get the advantage of a solid and reputable track record backed by the expertise of a sound and stable investment team. Their philosophy lays considerable emphasis on an intensive research based, bottom-up, stock picking approach with a bias towards customizing the product offerings for our investors and business associates. They strongly believe that our investments should be adaptable enough to succeed in any market situation. Which is why our investment philosophy revolves around a solid bottom-up approach. So its true, when you invest with Reliance PMS, its certain that you will have all your investments in perfect sync. The composers score fund management Process All great scores begin with a plan. To make beautiful music and surpass all expectations. Their process is quite similar. All potential investment opportunities are subjected to extensive research, which includes analysis of various macro and micro economic indicators, related to specific sector company and or industry. This coupled with company visits and extensive interaction facilitates a data pool, which becomes the foundation of the process. Following are various services or investment schemes offered by Reliance Portfolio Management: 1). Absolute freedom option: This investment option is a highly flexible one with a very direct focus. To make the most of investment openings across a wide gamut of large cap, mid cap and small cap stocks. The aim of this product is to deliver positive absolute returns. It plans to do this by focusing on research based value investing to cover potentially investment-worthy companies. Investment Time Horizon: 3 years more Minimum Investment Amount : Resident Indian: INR 1 Crore Non Resident Indian: INR 2 Crores 2). Large cap option: This portfolio model endeavors to generate capital appreciation by investing in companies drawn primarily from the Top 250 companies. These companies are ranked on the basis of market capitalization. The focus over here is on companies with a proven track record and a favorable medium to long-term outlook. Investment Time Horizon: 3 years more Minimum Investment Amount : Resident Indian: INR 1 Crore Non Resident Indian: INR 2 Crores 3). Small Mid cap option: Capital appreciation through bottom up stock picking is of priority here with a special emphasis on the small and mid-cap space. Incisive and keen research is the backbone of this product. A dedicated research team will initiate portfolio building by discovering businesses that are relatively new and less tracked. Investment Time Horizon: 3 years more Minimum Investment Amount : Resident Indian: INR 1 Crore Non Resident Indian: INR 2 Crores 4). Concentrated option: The investment objective of concentrated option is to achieve long term capital appreciation from equity and equity related investments. This investment option endeavors to invest disproportionate corpus in large and mid cap high growth companies that would be able to compound wealth over medium to long term. Investment Time Horizon: 3 years more Minimum Investment Amount: Resident Indian: Resident Indian: INR 1 Crore Tranche 1: INR 50 Lacs Tranche 2: INR 25 Lacs* Tranche 3: INR 25 Lacs* Non Resident Indian: INR 1 Crores 5). Emerging sector opportunity option: The Trinity Option which is a part of Emerging Sector Opportunity Option shall invest in a combination of sectors in order to cater to specific investor requirements and market conditions. The Trinity Series will look at investment opportunities in Natural Resources, Infrastructure Capital Goods and Financial Services. The Trinity Series offer the investors an opportunity to be part of the emerging sectors which would be the engines of growth and key drivers of the Indian economy Investment Time Horizon: 3 years more Minimum Investment Amount : Resident Indian: INR 1 Crore Non Resident Indian: INR 1 Crores Fixed income schemes under portfolio management services: All Season Debt Shield Aggressive Returns Option: A highly flexible investment option, which offers a diversified investment portfolio across ratings and the yield curve. Fixed Maturity Option: A relatively protective investment option with investments predominantly locked for the duration of the scheme. In certain scenarios, there might be partial redemption allowed, without a significant impact on the portfolio returns. Liquidity Option: The underlying tone of this investment option is to essentially provide the investors with superior returns as compared to traditional open-ended money market schemes. Blended Debt Plus Best of Funds Option Under this option, investments shall be made in units of different mutual funds. This option is designed to achieve even greater diversification than traditional mutual funds. Structured products solution: Structured Products are Investment instruments that combine at least one derivative with assets such as equity and fixed income securities. Such products are fast emerging as an alternate asset class among HNI/ Institutional investors providing opportunities that capture potential upsides of the equity universe with capital protection. Customized solutions: At Reliance PMS believe in delivering more than what the customer expects, customized solutions are just a step towards it. Customized solutions are investments specially created to meet needs that cannot be met from the standardized financial instruments available in the market. Customized solutions capture the characteristics of traditional and nontraditional investments with financial instruments. The strategic combination of these components provides control and flexibility to address those investors whose investment objective is not met through traditional investments available. AMC (Asset Management Company) of Reliance Mutual fund: A company that invests its clients pooled fundinto securities that match its declared financial objectives. Asset management companies provide investors with more diversification and investing options than they would have by themselves. Mutual funds, hedge funds andpension plans are all run by asset management companies. These companies earn income by charging service fees to their clients. AMCs offer their clients more diversificationbecause they have a larger pool of resources than the individual investor.Pooling assets together and paying out proportional returns allows investors to avoid minimum investment requirements often required when purchasing securities on their own,as well as the ability toinvest in a larger set of securities with a smaller investment AMC has to discharge mainly three functions as under: Taking investment decisions and making investments of the funds through market dealer/brokers in the secondary market securities or directly in the primary capital market or money market instruments Realize fund position by taking account of all receivables and realizations, moving corporate actions involving declaration of dividends,etc to compensate investors for their investments in units; and Maintaining proper accounting and information for pricing the units and arriving at net asset value (NAV), the information about the listed schemes and the transactions of units in the secondary market. AMC has to feed back the trustees about its fund management operations and has to maintain a perfect information system. Structure of AMC: RCAM has been appointed as the Asset Management Company of Reliance Mutual Fund by The Trustee vide Investment Management Agreement (IMA) dated May 12, 1995 and executed between Reliance Capital Trustee Co. Limited and Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd. and amended on August 12, 1997 in line with SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 1996). Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd.(RCAM) is an unlisted Public Limited Company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 on February 24, 1995, having its registered office at Reliance House, Near. Mardia Plaza, Off. C.G. Road, Ahmedabad, 380 006 and its Corporate Office at One Indiabulls Centre, Tower 1, Jupiter Mills Compound , 841, Senapati Bapat Marg, Elphinstone Road, Mumbai 400 013. Directors of the company include Amitabh Jhunjhunwala, a senior executive of ADAG. Amitabh Chaturvedi is the managing director of the AMC. As of end August 2006, Reliance mutual fund has Rs 28,753 crore of assets under management. Reliance Equity Fund, launched by Reliance MF in early 2006, is the largest mutual find scheme in the country with a fund size of over Rs 5,500 crore. The net worth of the Asset Management Company based on audited accounts as on March 31, 2009 is Rs. 841.32 Crore. Here is a list of mutual funds of Reliance which includes Debt/Income Funds , Equity Funds and Sector Specific Funds. Latest NAV Scheme Name NAV (Net Asset Value) Date Reliance Medium Term Fund-Retail Plan Growth Plan Bonus Option 13.4254 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Medium Term Fund-Retail Plan Growth Plan Growth Option 18.7981 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Medium Term Fund-Retail Plan Monthly Dividend Plan 10.3827 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Medium Term Fund-Retail Plan Quarterly Dividend Plan 10.8016 03-Dec-2009 Reliance NRI Income Fund-Dividend Plan-Dividend Option 11.8741 03-Dec-2009 Reliance NRI Income Fund-Growth Plan-Growth Option 11.8741 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Short Term Fund-Dividend Re-investment Plan 10.6417 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Short Term Fund-Growth Plan 17.1406 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Short Term Fund-Quarterly Dividend Plan 13.5299 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Banking Fund-Dividend Plan-Dividend Option 31.2926 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Banking Fund-Growth Plan-Bonus Option 78.4123 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Banking Fund-Growth Plan-Growth Option 78.4123 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Diversified Power Sector Fund-Dividend Plan-Dividend 47.6648 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Diversified Power Sector Fund-Growth-Bonus 76.6486 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Diversified Power Sector Fund-Growth-Growth 76.6486 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Equity Fund-Dividend Plan-Dividend Option 15.1151 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Equity Fund-Growth Plan-Bonus Option 15.1151 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Equity Fund-Growth Plan-Growth Option 15.1151 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Equity Opportunities Fund-Dividend Plan-Dividend Option 19.3456 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Equity Opportunities Fund-Growth Plan-Bonus Option 27.3863 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Equity Opportunities Fund-Growth Plan-Growth Option 27.3863 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Growth Fund-Dividend Plan-(D) 53.3177 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Growth Fund-Growth Plan-Bonus Option 68.9535 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Growth Fund-Growth Plan-Growth Option 415.6732 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Media Entertainment Fund-Dividend Plan-Dividend Option 18.0409 03-Dec-2009 Reliance Media Entertainment Fund-Growth Plan-Bonus Option 2